武汉理工《工程项目管理》考研课件绪论.pptVIP

绪 论Introduction Why do we classify? To classify means to group similar things. Taxonomy: principles of classification. People’s working activities can be classified into two categories, one is operation, the other is project. An operation is ongoing and repetitive. 一、项目的定义和特点 A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. ---A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMI) The UK Association for Project Management defines a project as ‘a discrete undertaking with defined objectives often including time, cost and quality (performance) goals’. The British Standards Institute (BS6079) defines a project as ‘a unique set of coordinated activities, with definite starting and finishing points, undertaken by an individual or organization to meet specific objectives with defined schedule, cost and performance parameters’ 特点： 一次性(Temporary) 独特性(Unique) 目标的确定性(Objectives) 活动的整体性(Integration) 组织的临时性和开放性(Temporary and Open) 开发与实施的渐进性(Progressive Elaboration) 成果的不可挽回性(Irretrievable) Project goals The three goals are interrelated and must be addressed simultaneously; exclusive emphasis on any one goal is likely to detract from the others. Argument on Project Success Traditionally, the basic criteria of cost, time and quality, the so-called ‘‘Iron Triangle’’ or ‘‘Golden Triangle’’, have been widely adopted for a long time. However, these criteria have been criticised for being inadequate for many reasons. Over the years, various attempts have been made in overcoming the perceived inadequacies. These attempts may be grouped into two different approaches: one is to add more dimensions to the basic criteria while the other to abstract to fewer dimensions. 悉尼歌剧院 澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院项目于1959年开工，预算为700万美元，原计划用4年的时间完工，但实际在1973年才竣工，总造价达到了1.2亿美元。该项目因为过度超工期和预算，在建设过程中遭到了人们强烈的反对，甚至在项目刚完工时也不被看作是一个成功的项目。 但随着项目投入到运营后，人们对它的评价却完全改变了，人们不再因为项目过度超工期和预算而责难它，反而给予了很高的评价。悉尼歌剧院不久便成为全世界公认的艺术杰作，被纳为人类的一笔宝贵财富。 悉尼歌剧院Sydney Opera