数字信号处理第1章 时域离散信号和时域离散系统.ppt

Digital Signal Processing system [例]：求下列两序列的周期N=？ (1) x(n)=Acos(?n/4 + ?/7); (2) x(n)=Asin(?n/5) + Bcos(?n/3); (3) x(n)=Asin( n/5) 1、用图解法求两序列的卷积: 线性卷积服从交换律、结合律和分配律。它们分别用公式表示如下： x(n)*h(n) = h(n)*x(n) x(n)*［h1(n)*h2(n)］ = (x(n)*h1(n))*h2(n) x(n)*［h1(n)+h2(n)］ = x(n)*h1(n)+x(n)*h2(n) 证明卷积运算的结合律 x(n)*［h1(n)*h2(n)］= [x(n)*h1(n)]*h2(n) 1.3 时域离散系统 1.3.4 系统的因果性和稳定性 1、因果性(Causal System) 定义1 ：当n0时,序列值恒等于零的序列称之为因果序列。 定义2：系统的输出，只取决于n时刻以及n时刻以前的输入序列，与n时刻以后的输入序列无关的系统称为因果系统。 因此系统的因果性是指系统在物理上的可实现性。 模拟非因果系统是不能实现的，对于有些数字非因果系统，利用系统中的存储性能，可以近似实现，只是系统的输出有延时。 2、稳定系统(Stable System) 系统稳定的意义：关系到系统能否正常工作。 定义1 ：若存在一个数M，对于任意n都满足|x(n)|M，称该序列有界。 定义2：输入序列有界，能保证输出信号序列也有界的系统称为稳定系统 (BIBO: Bounded Input Bounded Output )。 Sequence energy Sequence power 1.2.2　Operations on sequence Decimation by a factor D Every D-th samples of the input sequence are kept and others are removed: 1.2.2　Operations on sequence Interpolation by a factor I I -1 equidistant zeros-valued samples are inserted between each two consecutive samples of the input sequence. 1.2.2　Operations on sequence 1.3 离散时间系统（The Discrete-Time System） A discrete-time system processes a given input sequence x(n) to generate an output sequence y(n) with more desirable properties. Mathematically, an operation T [ ? ] is used. y(n) = T [ x(n) ] T : Transform x(n): excitation, input signal y(n): response, output signal Introduction Example 1 example2 Accumulator M-point moving- average system Accumulator（累加器） The input-output relation can also be written in the form: This form is used for a causal input sequence, in which case y(-1) is called the initial condition(初始条件) The output at time instant n is the sum of the input sample at time instant n and the previous output at time instant n-1, which is the sum of all previous input sample values from to n-1 Example 1 M-point moving-average system (M点动平均系统) An application: consider Where is the signal, and is a random noise