语法第五讲.docVIP

高中语法第五讲 动词(三) Part Ⅰ 接第四讲-情态动词第三点 3. 情态动词后面动词形态的情况举例(接第四讲) 情态动词的后面动词形态通常有以下几种，包括一般式，进行式，完成式，完成进行式，其中一般式的表达形式为-----情态动词+动词原形，此种形式是情态动词的基本用法，第四讲我们已经充分讨论过这种情况，本讲不再重复。其余三种的具体形式和用法见下表： 基本表达形式 用法举例 情态动词 + be doing 表示对现在和将来正在进行的行为进行推测，表达为或许现在，应当正在，想必正在或准是现在。 He must be sleep now. What can he be doing this time now? Mother ought to be washing the cloth now. 情态动词 + have been doing 表示对过去某一段时间内一直进行的推测等，意为应当一直在。。。或是想必一直在。 They must have been working all day, I think they’re very tired. He should have been painting the new house. 情态动词 + 完成式 must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行肯定推测，意为想必，准是，一定做了某事。 Paul must have paid off this bill before. She must have cleaned the room, it looked so bright. The lights were out. They must have been asleep. can have done 表示对过去发生行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中，意为不可能，怎么可能。 I can’t have forgotten the past time. Can we have gone to school on Sunday? could have done 用于肯定句中时，表示可能已经或简直就要；用于否定句中时，表示过去没有实现的可能，意为过去有能力做而未做。 I could have been busy of this. She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing, I saw him just now. may/might have done 表示对过去已经发生行为的推测，用于肯定句中，意为(或许)已经没有。。。；用于否定句中，意为可能不。不能用于否定句。 I think he may have gone to bed. He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold. might have done 表示本来可能但实际上没有发生的事情或者表达本来应该或可以做某事却没有去做，这里有一些责备的意思。 You might have been eaten by tiger when you stayed in the forest along. Though you were busy, you might have given him help more. should/ought to have done 用于肯定句中时，意为本该做某事而实际上没有做；用于否定句中时，意为本不该做某事反而做了。 You should have come to the meeting earlier. You shouldn’t have told her the truth. He ought to have been more careful. He ought not to said like that. needn’t have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事情。 You needn’t have been here so early, because the meeting will begin at 9. 辨析：作为行为动词的need，表达法为didn’t need to do sth，意为没有必要做而实际上那个也没有做的事情。 I didn’t need to buy anything, mother bought them before. had better have done 用于事后的建议，意为当时最好做了某事，有轻微的责备；否定式表示当时最好不要做某事。 You had better have told him the