合成氨变换工段工艺设计论文.doc

摘 要 变换工序是合成氨中最重要的工序之一，在合成氨工艺的流程中起着非常重要的作用 本次设计为70 kt/a合成氨变换工段的工艺设计。本设计采用全低变的工艺流程.。根据有关文献资料，完成物料、热量的计算。并对第一变换炉、第二变换炉、煤气换热器以及变换气换热器等主要设备进行选型计算。并做出了合成氨变换工段全低变的工艺流程图和设备布置图。所得结果基本满足设计要求，工艺流程可行。 关键词：合成氨；低温变换；热量衡算；物料衡算 . Abstract Transform processes is one of the most important processes, and it plays a very important role in the industry of synthetic ammonia. The task is the design of shift process in 70 kt/a NH3. The low-temperature shift technology was adopted in this calculation.According to the relevant cultural heritage data, complete the calculation of material, calories. Furthermore, the size and type of the equipments were determined such as heat exchanger, shift converter, etc.Also do to synthesize an all of the ammonia transformation work segment low craft flow chart and equipments changing set out diagram.The results meet the requirements of the design task well, the craft process can go. TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466561 摘 要 PAGEREF _Toc295466561 \h I HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466562 Abstract PAGEREF _Toc295466562 \h II HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466563 第一章 前言 PAGEREF _Toc295466563 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466564 1.1 变换气反应原理 PAGEREF _Toc295466564 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466565 1.2 CO变换反应化学平衡 PAGEREF _Toc295466565 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466566 1.3 CO低温变换催化剂 PAGEREF _Toc295466566 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466567 1.3.1 低变催化剂的发展 PAGEREF _Toc295466567 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466568 1.3.2 低变催化剂的主要成分 PAGEREF _Toc295466568 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466569 1.3.3 催化剂的活性降低和中毒 PAGEREF _Toc295466569 \h 7 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466570 1.4 工艺流程简述 PAGEREF _Toc295466570 \h 8 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466571 第二章 物料衡算及热量衡算 PAGEREF _Toc295466571 \h 10 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466572 2.1设计条件 PAGEREF _Toc295466572 \h 10 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466573 2.2 CO全变换过程总蒸汽比的计算 PAGEREF _Toc295466573 \h 10 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466574 2.3第一变换炉催化剂床层物料与热量衡算 PAGEREF _Toc295466574 \h 11 HYPERLINK \l _Toc295466575 2.3.1入第一变换炉催化剂床层汽气比 PAGEREF _Toc295466575 \h 11 HYPERLINK