水体TOC、COD、BOD相关性分析及应用固体废弃物处理及利用论文.doc

水体TOC、COD、BOD相关性分析及应用 摘要：随着化学工业的发展，排向水体中的有机污染物质种类增多，组成成分日益复杂。水体中的有机污染物质根据其对环境的影响和污染危害可分为易被生物降解的耗氧有机污染物质(多为碳氢化合物、蛋白质、脂肪等)与难降解的有机污染物(酚、苯、多环芳烃等)。国内外最初均采用以氧当量表示的生化需氧量(BOD )、化学需氧量(COD)等作为评价水体耗氧有机污染物污染程度的综合指标。难降解有机污染物的主要污染特征是在环境中的半衰期长，且都有害于人体健康，一般地以化学需氧量(COD)、总有机碳(TOC)作为评价其有机污染程度的综合指标[22]。 TOC是继BOD、COD之后出现的表征水体有机污染物的综合指标，用有机污染物的含碳总量来表示。其概念严密，测定结果有良好的可靠性、重现性、仿真性，容易实现自动、快速、在线监测。与TOC相比较而言，COD、BOD两项指标测定时间长，操作繁杂，试剂用量大，易受干扰，尤其BOD的测定，要受培养温度、接种液的驯化、稀释倍数等诸多因素的影响。 在水体相对稳定的情况下，TOC与COD、TOC与BOD之间有一定的相关性，国外从五六十年代就开始对这三项指标之间的相互转换作了研究，同时完成了部分行业的TOC代替COD的测定。我国从七十年代末开始分析不同类型水体的有机碳的生物化学行为以及这三项指标之间的相关性。 为了实现我国排污总量的控制以及环境标准的制定，本文针对长春市的具体情况，选取典型的地表水、生活污水、污染源进行TOC与COD、TOC与BOD的相关分析，通过数据处理，得出长春市的地表水、生活污水，玉米加工行业的污染源的TOC与CODcr、TOC与BOD5之间有较好的相关性，为我国TOC排放标准的制定提供科学的依据。 通过本实验，确定了长春市地表水、生活污水、玉米加工行业废水生化处理前后TOC与COD、TOC与BOD之间有较好的相关性，为我国TOC排放标准的制定提供了科学依据。 关键词：TOC COD BOD 相关分析 应用 Relation Analysis between TOC,COD and BOD and its Application ABSTRACT:Accompanied by the chemical industry increasing, more and more organic pollutants are drained to the water. In the early period,chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) had been used as synthetic indices for estimating organic pollutant level in the water. But these indices have much shortage such as long time of determination, complex operation,and a large mount of reagent, and so on..Especially BOD, its determination will be affected by many factors such as the time of cultivation,the temperature of cultivation box, and the dilute multiple of the water sample,and so on. Later,total organic carbon (TOC) is used as another synthetic index for estimating organic pollutant level in the water. Its concept is strictly, its result possesses of reliability, stability and veracity. In the stable water, there is a satisfactory liner relation between TOC,COD and BOD.The research of the relation of them began in 1950s in the other country. At the same time, TOC was used in the part of industries instead of COD.The same research began la