200W吨大庆原油蒸馏装置设计.doc

PAGE 摘 要 常减压塔蒸馏装置是炼油厂和许多企业的龙头，它是加工能力最大的装置，它的操作平稳是保证石油产品质量的关键。本次设计主要是设计一年原油处理量能力为200万吨的常压塔，其次为塔板的设计及水利学核算。 常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品的各物性数据确定切割方案、计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数、进料及侧线抽出位置，在确定操作压力下假设各主要部位的操作温度，进行全塔热平衡计算，采取塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流。塔顶取热：第一中段回流取热：第二中段回流取热为5：2：3，最后校核各主要部位温度都在允许的误差范围内。 塔板形式选用浮阀塔板，依据常压塔内最大汽、液相负荷处算得塔径为3.6m，板间距取0.6m。这部分最主要的是核算塔板流体力学性能及操作性能，使塔板在适宜的操作范围内操作。 关键词：常压塔，节能，浮阀塔板，流体力学 Abstract Atmosperic distillation instillation is very important in refinery and enterprise .It is the biggest processing capability instillation. Its operation stationary is key point to guarantee the quality of oil product. A atmosperic distillation column, which is able to treat crucd oil 200Mt a year, is designed mainly.,and the calculation of hydraulics is also done. The design of the atmosperic distillation column is based on the datum of true point distillation of the crued oil and of Engler distillation of the products. The calculation of products phsical property parameters and the cut conceptual and products yields are also based on the datum.The tray number ,the feed tray and the side stream withdrawal tray are determined by referring to the same kind unit . The following work is to assume the operating temperature of all the important points of column in definite pressure and to make the energy balance calculatoin for the whole column ,A two -grade condenser is be used on the overhead of the column ,and two midpump around ,on the body ,the rate of the energy taken by condensers from top to bottom is 5:2:3.Finally,the temperature asummed should be checked up .It is very important. A type of F1,Valve tray ,is be chosen .It is outside diamete determined by the vapour load of the column is 3.6m ,The tray spacing is 0.6m.In this section, the most important work is to calculate the hydromechanics performance and the operating flexibility of the tray.The tray should be operated in a prope area. Key words: Atmospheric distillation column，energy –saveing，value tray， hy