基于单片机的温度测控系统在温室大棚中的设计与实现.docVIP

摘要 随着大棚技术的普及，温室大棚数量不断增多，温室大棚的温度控制成为一个难题。目前应用于温室大棚的温度检测系统大多采用由模拟温度传感器、多路模拟开关、A/D转换器及单片机等组成的传输系统。这种温度采集系统需要在温室大棚内布置大量的测温电缆，才能把现场传感器的信号送到采集卡上，安装和拆卸繁杂，成本也高。同时线路上传送的是模拟信号，易受干扰和损耗，测量误差也比较大，不利于控制者根据温度变化及时做出决定。在这样的形式下，开发一种实时性高、精度高，能够综合处理多点温度信息的测控系统就很有必要。 提出一种基于单片机并采用数字化单总线技术的温度测控系统应用于温室大棚的设计方案，该方案是利用温度传感器将温室大棚内温度的变化，变换成电流的变化，再转换为电压变化输入模数转换器，其值由单片机处理，最后由单片机去控制数字显示器，显示温室大棚内的实际温度。一旦该温度值超过我们预先设定的上、下限，单片机便启动报警系统进行报警，进而对大棚内温度进行控制。这种设计方案能对多点的温度进行实时巡检，各检测单元能独立完成各自功能，同时能够根据主控机的指令对温度进行定时采集，测量结果不仅能在本地显示，而且可以利用单片机串行口，通过RS-485总线及通信协议将采集数据传送到计算机，进行进一步的存档、处理。主控机负责控制指令的发送，控制各个从机进行温度采集，收集测量数据，并对测量结果(包括历史数据)进行整理、显示和存储。该测控系统不需要任何固定网络的支持，安装简单方便，系统稳定可靠、可维护性好。 关键词:单片机; 单总线技术; 温度传感器; 串行接口; 温室大棚 Abstract With the popularization of greenhouse technology, the amount of greenhouse is larger and larger. However, the temperature control of greenhouse is becoming a difficult problem. Currently, the temperature control system of greenhouse is mostly using a transfers system which consists of analog temperature sensors, multiplexing analog switches, A/D conversion units and SCM. This kind of temperature collection system needs a lot of cables which is laid to make the signal of the sensor be sent to the collection card in the greenhouse. Thus the work of fixing and take-down is miscellaneous, and the cost is high. Whats more, what is transferred in the system is analog signals which are easily interfered and have more. It is hard for the controller to make a decision in time according to the change of temperature because the measure error is bigger. So under this circumstance, it is necessary to a real time and precise temperature control system which is in a position to deal with temperature information of many nods. This paper gives a greenhouse temperature control project which is based upon the SCM and digital mono bus technology. In this project, the change of temperature in the greenhouse is transformed into the change of electric current and then into the change of voltage by using the temperature