上海交大微生物双语课件Lecture3-.pdf

上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, SJTU Lecture 3-2 Microbial cell biology Chapter 4 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, SJTU 3.4 Cell Morphology and the Significance of Being Small Major Bacterial Cell Morphologies • Coccus (plural, cocci)球菌 • Rod杆菌 • Spirillum (plural, spirilla)螺菌 • Spirochetes螺旋体 • Appendaged bacteria带附器的细菌 • Filamentous bacteria丝状细菌 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, SJTU The size of microbial cells Prokaryotes vary dramatically in both size and volume from cells smaller than 0.2 µm in diameter to those more than 50 µm in diameter. Most very large prokaryotes are either sulfur chemolithotrophs or cyanobacteria.多数大型的 原核生物为化能无机营养生物或蓝细菌 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, SJTU Significance of being small (1): metabolism Nutrients and waste products pass more readily into and out of a small cell, thus accelerating cellular metabolism and growth. 营养物和代谢 废物更易进出小型细胞,从而加速代谢和生长. • Reason: surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio Shanghai Jiao Tong University Relative to cell volume, small cells contain more surface area than do large cells: higher surface-to- volume (S/V) ratio高比表面积 上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, SJTU Significance of being small (2): evolution Per unit of available resources, small cells will typically develop larger populations ⇒larger cell populations mean more cell divisions ⇒more mutation