非线性无损检测技术的研究, 应用和发展.pdfVIP

第 47 卷第 8 期 机 械 工 程 学 报 Vol.47 No.8 2011 年 4 月 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Apr. 2011 DOI ：10.3901/JME.2011.08.002 非线性无损检测技术的研究、应用和发展* 周正干1, 2 刘斯明1, 2 (1. 北京航空航天大学无损检测与机电工程研究所 北京 100191 ； 2. 南昌航空大学无损检测技术教育部重点实验室 南昌 330063) 摘要：对材料和结构进行无损检测和评价在其全生命周期中非常重要。超声检测是一种重要方法，但传统线性超声观察时域 信号，受波长等因素所限，对于微缺陷、微裂纹以及如粘接、分层等界面缺陷不敏感，同时对于金属疲劳等力学性能退化尚 缺乏有效评价手段。近年来，基于超声的非线性效应，如高次谐波及次谐波的产生、波束混叠以及谐振频率的改变等而发展 的非线性超声无损检测和评价方法主要从频域分析信号特征，进行缺陷判别，对于克服传统超声的不足具有积极的意义，是 传统线性超声检测手段的有效补充。从由不同的声学非线性效应而衍生的检测方法出发，介绍非线性超声无损检测技术的研 究和发展现状，总结其中的关键技术和问题，并对未来发展做出思考。 关键词：非线性效应 超声波 谐波 无损检测 无损评价 中图分类号：TG115 Nonlinear Ultrasonic Techniques Used in Nondestructive Testing ：A Review ZHOU Zhenggan1, 2 LIU Siming1, 2 (1. Institute for NDT and Mechatronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191; 2. Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing of Ministry of Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063) Abstract ：It is important to conduct nondestructive testing and evaluation on structures and materials during their working life cycles. Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a key method, but conventional UT methods observe the received signal in time domain and are not suitable for detecting micro-defects, micro-cracks, and interface defects such as bonding and delamination, nor are they efficient at detecting metal fatigue and degradation defects because of the limitation of their wavelength. In recent years, based on nonlinear ultrasonic effects, such as high-order harmonic generation, sub-harmonics, beam mixing and shift of resonant frequency, nonlinear ultrasonic testing and evaluation techniques which analyze the signal characteris