碳足迹的概念和核算方法研究进展.pdfVIP

低碳经济 LOW-CARBON ECONOMY 碳足迹的概念和核算方法研究进展 计军平 马晓明 （北京大学深圳研究生院 环境与能源学院 城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室，广东 深圳 518055 ； 北京大学 环境科学与工程学院，北京 100871 ） 摘要：碳足迹提供了分析人类活动对气候变化影响的新视角。从概念和核算方法两个方面对有关碳足迹的研究进行 了分析：（1）概念上，碳足迹目前无统一的定义。在分析度量单位、温室气体种类及系统边界的基础上，文章提 出了碳足迹的建议定义。（2 ）方法上，碳足迹目前无统一的核算方法。投入产出分析、生命周期评价及混合生命 周期评价是三种主要的核算方法。文章对这三种方法的原理、适用范围、优缺点及应用情况进行了分析。最后，从 方法、应用和不确定性三个方面对碳足迹研究作了展望。 关键词：碳足迹；投出产出分析；生命周期评价；混合生命周期评价 文献引用：计军平，马晓明. 碳足迹的概念和核算方法研究进展[J]. 生态经济，2011 （4 ）：76～80. 中图分类号：F224 ；F062.2 文献标识码：A Review of Carbon Footprint: Defi nitions and Accounting Methods JI Junping, MA Xiaoming (Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) Abstract: The concept of carbon footprint provides new perspective on impact of human activities on climate change. In this paper we investigate the definitions and accounting methods of carbon footprint by reviewing related studies. A widely accepted definition of carbon footprint does not exist. After analyzing units, scope of emissions and system boundaries about carbon footprint in existing literatures, we propose a definition. A widely accepted method for accounting carbon footprint does not exist either. Instead, three methods are frequently used to calculate carbon footprint separately, that is input-output analysis, life cycle assessment, and hybrid LCA. We analyze theories, scopes of application, advantages and disadvantages, an