英国养老金计划私有化改革研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 近年来，社会养老制度的研究在国内外学术界不断升温。20 世纪 70 年代后， 石油危机爆发，造成全球经济增长下滑、失业率急剧上升、通货膨胀率不断攀 升、人口老龄化问题日益严重和政府财政压力与日俱增，使得全球范围内都掀 起了一场养老制度改革的热潮，特别是养老制度的私有化改革更加成为国内外 社会关注的热门话题。本文欲通过对英国养老制度私有化改革的研究来提供学 习借鉴国外养老金私有化改革过程中的经验和教训的机会，以促进我国养老制 度的发展。 英国的养老金计划私有化改革始于撒切尔政府上台的70年代末，是英国宏 观经济改革中一个重要的组成部分。英国的养老制度私有化改革是世界养老制 度的私有化改革热潮中较为典型的一个，但较之美国以及瑞典的私有化改革来 说研究的较少。本文首先从静态的角度描述了英国当前的养老金体系，接着从 动态的角度，对于英国从70年代末的私有化开始至今的改革历程进行了梳理， 主要从英国的国家养老金以及私人养老金两方面进行研究，再次，对改革至今 私人养老金与国家养老金对养老的作用进行了对比，来对改革的成果作一个评 价，最后提出英国养老金计划私有化改革对于我国养老制度某些方面的启示。 关键词：养老金计划；私有化；英国 1 Abstract In recent years, the research on the social pension system by both domestic and international academic world is warming up. Since 1970s, the oil crisis brought the world the decline of economic growth rate, rising unemployment and inflation rates, aging problem and increasing financial pressures, which makes a wave of enthusiasm of pension reform all over the world. In particular, the privatization of pension system reform has become a hot topic of international community. Therefore, this paper intends to offer the chance to learn experiences and lessons from the development of privatization of pension system in the United Kingdom via the research of the privatization of the UK pension plan reform, so as to promote the development of the pension system in our country. The privatization of UK pension plan reform began in the late 1970s when the Thatcher government came to power, which is an important part of UK macro-economic reform. The privatization of UK pension plan reform is a typical one in the world pension reform wave, but fewer researches are on this, compared to