毛文龙形象的历史建构.pdf

摘 要 毛文龙(1576-1629)，字振南，明末辽东著名将领。天启元年(1621)发动“镇江之 役”偷袭并占领镇江，后据有辽东沿海的皮岛，并晋升总兵官，成为明朝在辽东地区抗 击后金的重要军事将领。他以皮岛为根据地，叱咤海上八年。崇祯二年(1629)，毛文龙 被袁崇焕(1584-1630)斩杀于皮岛。自镇江之役后，毛文龙在近十年间一直是明末辽东 政坛的风云人物，但对其的评价一直存在着较大的争议。赞扬者认为其牵制后金军队有 功，反对者则曰其虚报战功，欺压朝鲜王朝，私通后金，特别是毛文龙与袁崇焕之间对 与错的问题成了史学界长期争论的焦点问题。前人对毛文龙的研究存在着简单的善恶两 分的价值判断，带有感情色彩，这种研究方式不利于形成客观的分析结果。本文在占有 大量文献的基础上，尽量吸收前人研究成果，跳出评价人物的传统模式，不再过分纠缠 毛文龙是否该杀以及他与袁崇焕孰是孰非的问题，而是以在毛文龙死后明朝士大夫阶 层、与毛文龙长期交往的朝鲜王朝，以及与毛军长期作战的后金——清对于毛文龙的态 度及评价作为探究的主题，探讨这些评价之背后的深层原因，以求理清毛文龙形象历史 建构过程中主体视角与历史事实之关系，从而得出结论：信息来源渠道的多元化、感情 的亲疏、不同的国家利益以及史家的研究方法、占有材料的多元化都影响着对毛文龙的 评价，这些因素对历史人物形象的建构发挥着至关重要的作用。 关键词：毛文龙；明末；历史建构；人物评价；历史叙述； Abstract Mao Wenlong (1576-1629) is a well-known military officer in Liaotung against Later Jin in late Ming dynasty. In 1621, he started the “Battle of Zhenjiang”, attacking and seizing Zhenjiang. Later he occupied Pidao in the costal area of Liaotung and was promoted to be the general officer of the military in Liaotung. With Pidao as the base, he made his time for eight years. In 1629, Mao Wenlong was killed by Yuan Chonghuan (1584-1630) in Pidao. Mao Wenlong had been considered as Man of the Year in Liaotung in late Ming for nearly ten years since the Battle of Zhenjiang, but scholars hold quite different opinions when evaluating his deeds. Those who approve his achievements believe that he had played an important role in holding back the military force of later Jin while opponents think that he made a false report about his battle achievements, tyrannized the Korean kingdom and intrigued with Later Jin. In particular, the issue whether Mao Wenlong or Yuan Chonghuan is right has been a focal problem. Previous study on Mao Wenlong is simply based on the value judg