湖南省汝城二中2014届高三英语 语法复习系列讲解 省略和插入语.docVIP

高中英语语法：省略和插入语 省略 ???? 为了避免重复 , 使语言简练紧凑 , 在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下 , 往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。英语口语或对话中, 如果上下文已经明显表明了主语, 常常可省略主语；如果主语不同而谓语相同时，可省略后面相同的谓语。在时间、条件、让步、地点和比较状语从句中 , 如果谓语动词为 be, 主语或主句的主语为 it 时，也弯常省略主语和谓语部分。like, hope ,want, tell, try，be able to,be going to 等不定式后相同的动词, 也常常被省略．? 一、具体用法： 1. 简单句中的省略 a)所有格之后的名词如果为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。如：She is going to her uncles 〈 house 〉 . 她要去她舅舅家 .Today I met her at the tailors(shop 〉 . 今天我在裁缝店碰见她了. b) 主语和谓语的省略，此种情况一般多用于交际用语中。如：(1)Feeling much better today.???? (2)Hope to see you again soon. c) 疑问句和答句中的省略?? (1)“You angry? ” “Not very”????? (2) “Going on holiday, are you?” d)祈使句的省略?（1）On with the light.开灯！???? （2）Out of the room. 2. 并列句子的省略 (1 〉并列句中后面的分句只要与前边的分句有相同的词语 , 不管它在句子中作何种成分 , 都可以省略。如 His father is a doctor, his mother ( is 〉a nurse.They dont go to the Summer Palace, neither do I(go to the Summer Palace 〉 . 〈 2 〉特别是在动词 appear, believe, expect, fear, hope, seem, suppose, trust, think 或词组 be afraid 后面 , 表示肯定时用 so, 表示否定时可用 not 。如：I think youll win the race; indeed we a1l think so.我认为你一定会赢得这场比赛 , 事实上我们都这样想。Im not sure she isnt coming, but I suppose not.我不能肯定她不来 , 但我想是这样。 3.不定式的省略 （1）使役动词let, make, have及感官动词see, watch , hear, notice, observe, feel. Look at, listen to 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句时应加上to如：a) I saw the boy fall from the tree. ??? b) The boy was seen to fall from the tree. (2)有时为了避免重复，表达相同意思的不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略，而只是保持不定式的符号 to. 常见的有三种情况：??? ① 系动词（be）+ adj , 常见的形容词有：afraid, ready, glad, happy, willing…?? ---Could you go shopping with me?? ---- I am glad to. (go shopping with you)??? ②mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love …等后面接不定式作宾语时，省略作宾语的不定式。只保留不定式符号 to , 但如果该宾语是动词 be 或完成时态的不定式时，则须在 to 后加上be 或 have如： ---Are you going there??? ----Yes, I’d like to (go there).???? ---Are you an engineer??? ----No, but I want to be.??? ③tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect,等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。如：The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to.(enter the lab)??? ④