陕西省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题升级训练卷十九 信息匹配（二）.docVIP

2013年高考第二轮复习英语版 专题升级训练十九　信息匹配（二） （一） A．Forecasting Research B．Well-known Weather Forecasters C．Severe Weather Events D．Weather Forecasting E．The Forecasting Process F．Historical Background 1． The task of predicting the weather that will be observed at a future time is called weather forecasting.As one of the primary objectives of the science of meteorology，weather forecasting has depended critically on the scientific and technological advances in meteorology that have taken place since the latter half of the 19th century. 2． Throughout most of history，forecasting efforts at any given site depended solely on observations that could be made at the site.With the development of the telegraph in the mid-1800s，weather forecasters were able to obtain observations from many distant locations within a few hours of the collection of such data.Weather forecasting was revolutionized in the 1920s by the work of a group of Norwegian scientists.This group provided a consistent and empirically based description of atmospheric circulation systems.Current weather-forecasting techniques were initiated by the theoretical work of American meteorologist Jule Charney in developing numerical weather prediction.Experimental numerical forecasts in 1950 proved so fruitful that they were soon adopted on a practical basis.Since then，computerized systems based on numerical models have become a central part of weather forecasting. 3． The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps: observation and analysis，extrapolation（推论）to find the future state of the atmosphere，and prediction of particular variables.The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving.In some cases the third step simply consists of noting the results of extrapolation，but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this. 4． Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events（blizzard，hurricane