明代中后期江南地区基层社会犯罪研究.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 明代中后期，商品经济发展迅速，人们思想得到解放，出现了不 少道德问题与犯罪行为，这些犯罪行为比较集中的出现在江南地区的 城市乡镇，所以，研究明代中后期江南地区的基层犯罪对理解明朝历 史有着重要意义。犯罪是社会现实的产物，是通过个体的具体犯罪行 为表现出来的社会现象。因此，基层社会犯罪是透视社会现实和社会 发展的另类视角。 本文将明代中后期江南地区基层社会犯罪分为侵犯财产罪、经济 犯罪、谋反叛逆罪、妨碍社会管理秩序罪、侵犯人身及相关权利罪等 五种类型。在所有的犯罪类型中，除谋反叛逆罪之外，其它的犯罪行 为都是以谋取钱财为主要目的，这一点与普通民众成为犯罪主体及犯 罪的不可控性是明代中后期江南地区基层社会犯罪的三大特点。这些 特点使得基层犯罪对社会造成的危害较为严重，主要表现在设局谋 财，生事害民；制作假银，牟取暴利及诱良趋恶，败坏风俗等方面。 而这些危害更加促使基层犯罪的多发与不可控性。这些都与明代中后 期江南地区的大环境分不开的，游民的激增，市镇的繁荣及社会结构 的活化。许多社会犯罪难以避免和消除的，其根源在于政治对因经济 引发的社会变化没有或不能作出积极反映。 关键词：基层社会犯罪 江南地区 明代中后期 ABSTRACT In the Mid and Late Period of Ming Dynasty,the development of commodity economy and the liberation of people’s thinking brought about many moral issues and criminal actions,which concentrated in the towns and cities of the South of Yangzi River.In this case, research in Grass-roots social crime of this period in this area will show great significance in futher understanding of the history of the Ming Dynasty.Crime is the result of social reality and is also a social phenomenon which is reflected throuth the individual’s specific criminal conduct. So we can learn a lot about social reality and development through social Grass-roots social crime from a fresh viewpoint. In the essay,social Grass-roots social crime are divided into five types:property infringement ,economic crime,opposition and rebellion,hindering social management and order,infringing upon persons and the related crime.Among these. Firstly, most criminal actions all take seeking wealth as their ultimate goal.Secondly,the ordinary people became the main body of crime.Thirdly,the criminal actions were not under control.These are the three major characteristics of the so