江苏省句容市后白中学中考英语语法复习 动词的语态 牛津版.docVIP

江苏省句容市后白中学中考英语语法复习 动词的语态 牛津版 【要点提示】 概念：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 种类：英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 考查热点：中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”，通过变化助动词be体现时态。 初中阶段需要掌握的被动语态如下： 一般现在时 am / is / are + 过去分词 一般过去时 was / were + 过去分词 一般将来时 will / shall be + 过去分词 情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 现在完成时 have / has been + 过去分词 【拓展】 1． 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时，可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语，也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand等；常用for的动词有borrow, make, buy等。 2． 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补”这种含复合宾语的结构，变被动语态时只能“宾作主”，而宾补不变。其中，make / hear (watch, see ...) sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时为“sb. + be的适当形式 + made / heard (watched, seen ...) to do sth.”。 3． 短语动词的被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。 根据近几年对语态考查的分析，编了这样几句口诀：时态一，语态二，宾变主，主变宾，by短语，后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后添“过分”。 【专项练习】 Ⅰ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 ( )1. —Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? —No, I ____________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ( )2. The letter ____________in Japanese. I can’t read it. A. is writing B. is written C. wrote D. writes ( )3. —Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. 桰.’m sorry, but I _______________when to meet. A. am not told B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told ( )4. Today computers _______________in both cities and towns. A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using ( )5. A new supermarket _____________in my home town next month. A. will built B. will be built C. is built D. builds ( )6. —Alice, you ______________on the phone. 桰n’m coming. Thanks. A. want B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted ( )7. Personal computers ____________ in 1976. They have changed the whole world. A. have been invented B. are invented C. were invented D. will be invented ( )8. —Your skirt is nice and looks different from other girls’. ?Thanks. My mother ____________ it last month. A. was made B. has