材料成型专业毕业设计 外文文献翻译：有限元和优化.docVIP

英文翻译 题 目： Finite Element Method and Optimization 学 生： 系 别： 专 业： 材料成型及控制工程 班 级： 材料成型 学 号： Finite Element Method and Optimization As engineers work with increasingly complex structures,they need rational,reliable,fast and economical design tools.Over the past two decades,finite element analysis has proven to be the most frequently used method of identifying and solving the problems associated with these complicated desings. The finite-element method is an approximation procedure for solving differential equations of boundary and/or initial value type in engineeing and mathematical physics.The procedure employs subdivision of the solution domain into many smaller regions of convenient shapes,such as triangles and quadrangles and uses approximation theory to quantize behavior on each finite element.Suitably disposed coordinates arespecified for each element,and the action of the differential equation is approximately replaced using values of the dependent variables at these nodes.Using a variational principle or a weighted-residual method,the governing differential equations are then transformed into finite element equations governing the(each) isolated element.These local equations are collected together to form a global system of ordinary differential or dependet variable are determined from solution of this matrix equation system. The fundamental step underlying the finite-element for solving problems in mechanics is the reduction of the original partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential or algebraic equations which can be solved by straightforward techniques.Generally,the procedure follows the steps used in the classical analytical methods for solving linear partial differential equations by expansions in a set of functions. The finite element has another advantage when an irregular nodal arrangement is appropriate for a given problem. T