合作企业和组织理论： 一个评价外文原文.pdf

Cooperative Enterprise and Organization Theory: An Appraisal V. James Rhodes What is a university? The literal minded person may think in concrete terms: ivy-clad buildings, impressive laboratories, and a huge library. The journalistic and legal types may think of the governing board and top administration. Faculty members may stoutly insist that they are the university. A management theorist may argue that it is a special type of organization, invisible and abstract but embodying a nexus of contracts among thousands of stakeholders. A conciliator may suggest all of the above. In last years classic reprint, Phillips treated the cooperative as an associ- ation of farmers jointly controlling a plant. He pictured an agricultural cooperative as an organization of firms rather than itself being a firm. This years classic by HeImberger and Hoos asserts that the cooperative should be viewed as a firm. Is this a disagreement comparable to ancient disputes about whether the earth is flat or round? Why is not the correct paper alone considered to be the classic? Or is this disagreement a differ- ence in viewpoints similar to the divergent concepts of a university? There were also disagreements among the first two classics published in this Journal ofAgricultural Cooperation (now Journal of Cooperatives) series. Nourse, a leading agricultural economist ofhis day, wanted agricul- tural cooperatives to stimulate competition to the point that they would no longer be needed. Sapiro, a leading California attorney for cooperatives, campaigned for use of a type of commodity-wide cooperative that had worked well for some specialty crops grown mainly in limited areas of California. As Nourse perceived Sapiro endorsing a permanent cartel-like organization, he wanted nothing to do with such an an