外商直接投资和技术溢出：泰国制造业的一个跨行业分析外文翻译.docVIP

毕业论文（设计）外文翻译 一、外文原文 Foreign direct investment and Technology Spillover: A Cross-industry Analysis of Thai Manufacturing Importance of the issue Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been widely recognized as a growth-enhancing factor in investment receiving (host) countries. FDI not only brings in capital but also introduces advanced technology that can enhance the technological capability of the host country firms, thereby generating long-term and sustainable economic growth. More importantly, the technological benefit is not limited to locally affiliated firms but can also spread to non-affiliated ones. The latter benefit is usually referred to as technology spillover. The expectation of gaining from technology spillover persuades many developing countries to offer various incentives in order to attract FDI. However the results of empirical research to test the validity of technology spillover are far from conclusive. Positive technology spillover from FDI has only been found in some countries.1 Overall, the findings seem to suggest technology spillover is not automatic, but depends on both country specific factors and policy environment. Foreign Presence in Thai Manufacturing Thirdly, foreign plants are likely to be located in a highly protected industry. The average ERP2 of industries whose output shares of foreign plants are greater than 50% is 15.3%. The exception in these industries would be electrical machinery which is presumably dominated by labor-intensive assembled electronics and electrical appliances. On the other hand, regarding the industries where the share of foreign plants is less than 50%, average ERP tends to be lower at around 10.8%. In addition, the output share of foreign plants is likely to be associated with the degree of market concentration. Involvement of foreign plants in the manufacturing sector was predominately in import substituting industries such as textiles, automobiles, and chemicals up to about the late 1970s (Akira, 1989). From