OFDM基础--外文资料翻译.docVIP

附录A　外文资料 OFDM Basics INTRODUCTION The basic principle of OFDM is to split a high-rate data stream into a number of lower rate streams that are transmitted simultaneously over a number of subcarriers. Because the symbol duration increases for the lower rate parallel subcarriers, the relative amount of dispersion in time caused by multipath delay spread is decreased. Inter symbol interference is eliminated almost completely by introducing a guard time in every OFDM symbol. In the guard time, the OFDM symbol is cyclically extended to avoid inter carrier interference. In OFDM system design, a number of parameters are up for consideration, such as the number of subcarriers, guard time, symbol duration, subcarrier spacing,modulation type per subcarrier, and the type of forward error correction coding. The choice of parameters is influenced by system requirements such as available bandwidth,required bit rate, tolerable delay spread, and Doppler values. Some requirements are conflicting. For instance, to get a good delay spread tolerance, a large number of subcarriers with a small subcarrier spacing is desirable, but the opposite is true for a good tolerance against Doppler spread and phase noise. GENERATION OF SUBCARRIERS USING THE IFFT An OFDM signal consists of a sum of subcarriers that are modulated by using phase shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).If di are the complex QAM symbols, N is the number of subcarriers, T is the symbol duration, and f is the carrier frequency, then one OFDM symbol starting at t = t, can be written as (2.1) In the literature, often the equivalent complex baseband notation is used, which is given by (2.2). In this representation, the real and imaginary parts correspond to the in-phase and quadrature parts of the OFDM signal, which have to be multiplied by a cosine and sine of the desired carrier frequency to produce the final OFDM signal.Figure 2.1 shows the operation of the OFDM modulator in a block diagram.