应用化学专业英语lesson20introductiontoPesticidechemistry.pptVIP

Pesticide Movement Degrade Runoff movement of pesticide aboveground in water – generally occurs downslope but can also occur on flat or even slightly uphill ground after a flloding rain Return Pesticide Movement Degrade Leaching Also called percolation – the process whereby pesticide is moved down through the soil profile Return Pesticide Movement Degrade Microbial Degradation Breakdown of pesticides by fungi, bacteria and other microscopic organisms Return Pesticide Movement Degrade Physical Degradation Hydrolysis -- Breakdown of a pesticide by water Return Pesticide Movement Degrade Physical Degradation Photolysis – breakdown of a pesticide by sun or other light Return Pesticide Movement Degrade Physical Degradation Pyrolysis – the breakdown of a pesticide by heat or fire Return Pesticide Movement Degrade Volatilization – evaporation of a heated pesticide Breakdown generalizations Hotter temperature = faster breakdown Higher relative humidity = faster breakdown More microbes = faster breakdown pH effect = chemical dependant More slope = more runoff Off-site movement generalizations More clay and organics = less leaching Higher temperature = more volatilization Lower relative humidity = more volatilization Higher wind speed = more volatilization and drift Nearer to moving water = higher probability of contamination and off-site movement Finer droplets = more movement * ture * , 2,4 Esters(General Characteristics) Oil based Oil soluble / can be emulsified in water Generally highly volatile Highly toxic to fish Used for bark foliar applications Amine Ester Organic salt Oil based Injection cut-surface treatments Low toxicity for fish Low volatility Water soluble Bark or foliar applications High toxicity for fish High volatility Oil soluble or can be emulsified in water LD50s of field formulations Garlon 4 --LD50 1,419 mg/kg Triclopyr – LD50 630 mg/kg LD50s of field formulations Garlon 4 --LD50 1,419 mg/kg Streamline uses