应用化学专业英语lesson24-25chemicalreactionsandcalculations.pptVIP

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应用化学专业英语lesson24-25chemicalreactionsandcalculations.ppt

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To play the movies and simulations included, view the presentation in Slide Show Mode. PROBLEM: If 454 g of NH4NO3 decomposes, how much N2O and H2O are formed? What is the theoretical yield of products? STEP 1 Write the balanced chemical equation NH4NO3 --- N2O + 2 H2O 454 g of NH4NO3 -- N2O + 2 H2O STEP 2 Convert mass reactant (454 g) -- moles STEP 3 Convert moles reactant (5.68 mol) -- moles product 454 g of NH4NO3 -- N2O + 2 H2O STEP 3 Convert moles reactant -- moles product Relate moles NH4NO3 to moles product expected. 1 mol NH4NO3 -- 2 mol H2O Express this relation as the STOICHIOMETRIC FACTOR. 454 g of NH4NO3 -- N2O + 2 H2O = 11.4 mol H2O produced STEP 3 Convert moles reactant (5.68 mol) -- moles product 454 g of NH4NO3 -- N2O + 2 H2O STEP 4 Convert moles product (11.4 mol) -- mass product Called the THEORETICAL YIELD ALWAYS FOLLOW THESE STEPS IN SOLVING STOICHIOMETRY PROBLEMS! GENERAL PLAN FOR STOICHIOMETRY CALCULATIONS Mass reactant Stoichiometric factor Moles reactant Moles product Mass product 454 g of NH4NO3 -- N2O + 2 H2O STEP 5 How much N2O is formed? Total mass of reactants = total mass of products 454 g NH4NO3 = ___ g N2O + 204 g H2O mass of N2O = 250. g 454 g of NH4NO3 -- N2O + 2 H2O STEP 6 Calculate the percent yield If you isolated only 131 g of N2O, what is the percent yield? This compares the theoretical (250. g) and actual (131 g) yields. 454 g of NH4NO3 -- N2O + 2 H2O STEP 6 Calculate the percent yield PROBLEM: Using 5.00 g of H2O2, what mass of O2 and of H2O can be obtained? 2 H2O2(liq) --- 2 H2O(g) + O2(g) Reaction is catalyzed by MnO2 Step 1: moles of H2O2 Step 2: use STOICHIOMETRIC FACTOR to calculate moles of O2 Step 3: mass of O2 Reactions Involving aLIMITING REACTANT In a given reaction, there is not enough of one reagent to use up the other reagent completely. The reagent in short supply LIMITS the quantity of product that can be formed. LIMITING REACTANTS Reactants Produ