软骨与骨《组织学及胚胎学》7年制课件.pptVIP

Chapter 4CartilageBone 软骨与骨 Classification: Hyaline cartilage 透明软骨 Elastic cartilage弹性软骨 * * Cartilage (软骨) is a specialized form of connective tissue. Cells: chondrocytes（软骨细胞） extracellular matrix（细胞间质） Structure（结构）: ★Chondrocytes synthesize and secrete extracellular matrix（细胞间质）. ★ The chondrocytes are located in matrix cavities, called cartilage lacunae（软骨陷窝）. Functions（功能）: ★ to bear mechanical stresses without permanent disortion. ★ to support soft tissue. ★ to be a shocking-absorbing and sliding areas for joints and facilitate bone movements. ★ to be essential for the development and growth of long bones both before and after birth. More Features of Cartilage : ·Cartilage is avascular. ·Cartilage is nourished by the diffusion of nutrients from capillaries in adjacent connective tissue or by synovial fluid from join cavities. ·Chondrocytes exhibit low metabolic activity. ·Cartilage has no lymphatic vessels or nerves. ·Cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium in most places. Hyaline cartilage（透明软骨）: Elastic cartilage（弹性软骨）: Fibrocatilage（纤维软骨）: Hyaline cartilage 透明软骨 ★ Fresh hyaline cartilage is bluish-white and translucent. ★ In the embryo, it serves as a temporary skeleton until it is gradually replaced by bone. ★ In adult mammals, hyaline cartilage is located : in the articular surfaces of the movable joins; in the walls of large respiatory passage; in the ventral ends of ribs; in the epiphyseal plate. 结构: Chondrocytes （软骨细胞） Matrix （基质） Perichondrium （软骨膜） 1.Cartilage Matrix（软骨基质） Hyaline cartilage matrix is produced by chondrocytes and contains three major classes of molecules: Hyaline cartilage ①Collagen molecules (Collgenous fibril 胶原原纤维) ②Proteoghycans (蛋白多糖) ③Glycoprotein （糖蛋白）( Chondronectin ;AnchorinC2(锚蛋白C2) ①Collagen molecules (Collagenous Fibril 胶原原纤维) Hyaline cartilage contains primarily type II collage. Small amounts of collagen types IX, X, XI, and others are frequently presen