基于生命周期评价（LCA）技术工业产品环境影响分析.pdfVIP

基于生命周期评价（LCA）技术的工业产品 的环境影响分析 山东大学 龚宝龙、谭玉珍、李天宇 摘 要 工业污染一直是全社会关注的焦点，工业产品在整个生命周期中，对环境有 重大的影响。本文利用生命周期评价（LCA ）技术，以鼓风机为例，根据企业实 际需求匹配相应型号的鼓风机，收集该型号的数据并提取关键环境影响数据，利 用线性回归分析方法得出回归方程，并进行显著性分析，利用回归方程估算环境 影响评价结果，简化鼓风机环境影响分析过程。研究结果表明：利用线性回归方 程估算得出的环境影响评价结果与生命周期评价技术中Eco-indicator 99 模型分析 出的评价结果误差极小，可以利用该回归方程对不同型号的鼓风机进行快速环境 影响情况分析。鼓风机的材料选取阶段及加工制造阶段是其整个生命周期中影响 环境最严重的阶段，在这两个阶段的特征变量中（钢材、切削液、电能、水、粉 尘、噪音），对评价结果影响最大的是钢材种类，电能影响其次，其他特征变量的 影响不显著。鼓风机环境影响评价模型的建立过程可应用到其他工业产品的评价 中，从而形成完整的工业产品评价体系，对实现绿色化生产、减轻工业污染及保 护环境资源有重要意义。 关键词：生命周期评价；工业产品；环境影响；回归分析 1 ABSTRACT Industrial pollution has always been the focus of the society. Industrial products have a significant impact on the environment during their lifetime. Based on the LCA technology, the corresponding model of blower was matched according to the firms’ demands and the blower data were collected which were the key affective data to the environment. Linear regression analysis was adopted to study the relationship between environment effect factors and evaluation result and to make a significance analysis. The regression equation was used to estimate the results of environmental impact, simplifying environmental impact analysis process. According to the results, the difference between the result estimated by linear regression and Eco-indicator 99 technical analysis is very small. The regression equation can be used for different types of blowers to rapidly analyze environmental influence. The material selection stage and manufacturing stage in the lifetime of blower have serious pollution to the environment. Among the characteristics in these two stages (steel, cutting fluids, electr