WSN中改进的EEUC路由协议的研究.doc

摘 要 无线传感器网络融合了多种技术，包括无线通信、传感、分布式计算和网络互联等多种 技术，是一种全新的数据采集平台，在军用和民用等领域都具有巨大的应用空间。无线传感 器网络的最大弱点是能量受限，而通信部分是消耗能量的主要部分，因此设计能量高效的路 由协议可以延长网络生命周期。本文对无线传感器网络路由协议展开研究，主要工作内容如 下： (1) 介绍了路由协议的分类方法，并对 LEACH 协议与 EEUC 协议进行了仿真分析。 (2) 提出了一种改进的 EEUC 协议(I-EEUC 协议)，在新改进的协议中，我们借鉴 LEACH 协议中簇首选择策略对 EEUC 协议中候选簇首的选择进行改进，并且在选择下一跳簇首时综 合考虑网络能量开销指标，下一跳节点剩余能量与下一跳节点簇内成员数目等因素。为了减 少传输控制信息能耗且不降低网络能量使用的高效性，新协议采用每两次数据收集后重新构 造簇。仿真结果表明，新改进的协议让节点轮流担任最终簇首，有效地均衡了网络中节点的 能耗，延长网络的生命周期。 (3) 提出了能量消耗均衡的分簇协议(EBC 协议)，EBC 协议在第一轮中使用二次选举得出 簇首，接下来让簇内剩余能量最多的成员担任下一轮的簇首。EBC 协议在路由建立过程中， 使用单跳与多跳相结合的通信方式。仿真结果表明，EBC 协议使死亡节点均匀分布在网络中， 并且与 LEACH 协议和 EEUC 协议相比，EBC 协议使网络中第一个节点死亡时间最晚。 关键词: 无线传感器网络，均匀分簇，非均匀分簇，路由协议 I ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSN) integrates varieties of technology including wireless communication technology, sensor technology, distributed computing technology and networking technology. It is a bran-new platform of data acquisition and has a great application future in the military, civil area and so on. The biggest weakness of WSN is that it has limited energy and communication is the major part of energy consumption, so the design of energy efficient routing protocol can prolong survival time of the network. This thesis focuses on routing protocols for WSN. The main work is as follows: (1) This thesis introduces the classification of routing protocols, and analyses of LEACH protocol and EEUC protocol by simulating. (2) An improved-EEUC (I-EEUC) is given in this thesis. The proposed routing protocol uses the strategy of selecting cluster heads in LEACH to improve uneven clustering routing protocol EEUC in selecting of tentative cluster heads and considers the network energy consumption index, residual energy of the next hop and the number of members in the next hop to establish multi- hop between cluster heads. In order to save energy in transferring control information and do not reduce using efficiency of the network energy, it reconstructs cluster after using each of two data collections. The simulat