天津市滨海新区主要地质灾害及防灾对策研究-中国沿海地面.pdfVIP

中国沿海地面沉降与防治对策 李铁龙，易立新，金朝晖，候建伟 （南开大学环境科学与工程学院，天津，300071 ） 摘要：本文通过文献综述，介绍了我国地面沉降灾害的基本情况。根据本文统计，地面沉降 4 2 主要出现我国中东部及沿海地区 17 省市，成灾总面积超过 5×10 km ，已经成为沿海城市主 要地质灾害。论述了地质构造背景对沿海地区地面沉降分布的制约机制，分析了沉降灾害对 社会经济造成的影响及损失，并提出相应减缓和防治对策。 关键词：地面沉降；地质灾害；防灾减灾 On Effects of Land Subsidence upon Chinese Coastal Areas and the Control Countermeasures Tielong Li, Lixin Yi, Zhaohui Jin , Jianwei Hou(School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China) Abstract: Subsidence has occurred in 17 provinces and coastal metropolis, the total 4 2 area over 5×10 km . The interaction between subsidence and rising of the sea level become one of the main hazards to the coastal cities. Land subsidence has not only caused the safe altitudes, infrastruction projects, house, and other buildings to be ruined directly, but also destroyed the development of the social-economic system indirectly by activating the tide disaster and the waterlogging disaster. On the other hand, the integrated action of intensively tectonic subsidence and excessively groundwater exploitation, make the situation more serious. This paper discussed the features of the land subsidence and analyzed the influenced on our social-economic system. Finally, the control countermeasures of subsidence were brought out to minimize the losses. Keywords: Land Subsidence; Geological Disaster; Disaster Prevention Reduction 1. 引言 地面沉降是我国平原地区的主要地质灾害，已经成为制约我国社会、经济可持续发展的 重要灾种之一。造成地面沉降的主要原因是地下水长期超量开采，以及第四纪以来活动断裂 和区域性构造沉降。我国东部地区人口稠密，经济发展快速，自 80 年代以来，已经形成了 以长江三角洲地区和黄淮海平原地区为中心的两大沉降区。地面沉降一旦形成便难以恢复， 其发展过程基本上是不可逆的，地面沉降对我国东部地区国家经济建设和生态环境均造成很 大影响。加强对我国东部区域性整体沉降地区的战略对策研究，预测地面沉降未来发展趋势， [1] 探讨及采取有效的防治措施，是防灾减灾，维护东部地区社会可持续发展的当务之急 。