2012中考英语知识点整理.docVIP

1.被动语态 1.基本结构 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例A new cinema is being built here． 　　4） was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　5） had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 　　6） was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　8） should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 　　9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 　　例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 　　例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 　　4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 　　例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 　　5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： 　　It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。　 　　例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 4.以下不能使用被动语态 1. break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等 例 This kind of cloth washes well. 2. happen, last, take place, br