植物化学遗传学一种崭新的植物遗传学研究方法.pdfVIP

植物生理学报 Plant Phy siology Journal 20 11, 47 (1): 1~8 1 特约综述 Invited Review 植物化学遗传学: 一种崭新的植物遗传学研究方法 赵扬* 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所, 上海200032 摘要:化学遗传学(chemical genetics,也称为化学基因组学, chemical genomics)研究方法是利用生物活性小分子扰动蛋白分子 互作过程来研究有关的生命现象,是常规遗传学研究方法的补充和延伸。化学遗传学在植物科学中的应用—— 植物化学 遗传学的研究在短短几年内,凭借其作为一种新的遗传学研究方法所具备的独特优势(如能够克服常规遗传学研究中的遗 传冗余、突变致死难题及可提供特异强度、作用时间点上的条件性遗传扰动等),已开始解决一些植物分子生物学中长期 存在的研究难题。本文就植物化学遗传学的一般原理及其方法,以及它作为一种新的遗传学研究方法的优势及特点作一个 综述。 关键词:植物化学遗传学;小分子;遗传冗余;突变致死;条件性遗传扰动 Plant Chemical Genetics: A Novel Approach to Plant Genetics Researches * ZHAO Yang Institute of Plant Phy siology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes f or B iological Sciences, Chinese A cademy of Sciences, Shang hai 200032, China Abstract : Chemical genetics approaches, also known as chemical genomics, using biologically active small molecules perturb interacting proteins involved in a certain biological process of a biological subj ect in question. It is complement and extension of conventional genetics approaches in term of methodology. The application of chemical genetics methods in plant sciences, termed as plant chemical genetics, in recent years, has started to answer some long time questions in this research field, because it, as a method itself, has such characters and advantages in dealing with genetic problems like, genetic redundancy and genetic mutation lethality, as well as providing specific genetic perturbations in term of strength and time. This article describes the principles of plant chemical genetics including some advantages and characteristic perspectives as research approaches. Key words: plant chemical genetics; small molecule; genetic redundancy; mutation lethality; conditionally ge- netic perturbation 为了研究某个生物学系统的功能, 一种有效的 现象也成为遗传学研究中经常遇到并在方法学上难 手段是设法扰动这个系统并观察和分析该系统被扰 以克服的难题。有机小分子能够与生物功能蛋白 动后的功能变化。常规遗传学研究方法主要是利 互作, 并可条件性地改变蛋白的功能与活性, 因而 用各种变异原来扰动所研究生物体的遗传基因, 以 产生一种可能克服遗传冗余及遗传突变致死等难题 期获得基因产物功