毕业论文直流电动机双闭环控制系统的设计与仿真.docVIP

摘要 传统的直流电机一直在电机驱动系统中占据主导地位，但由于其本身固有的机械换向器和电刷导致电机容量有限、噪音大和可靠性不高，因而迫使人们探索低噪音、高效率并且大容量的驱动电机。随着电力电子技术和微控制技术的迅猛发展成熟起来的直流无刷电机具有体积小、重量轻、效率高、噪音低、容量大且可靠性高的特点，从而使其极有希望代替传统的直流电机成为电机驱动系统的主流。首先，从电机本体和控制角度出发，阐述了直流无刷电机在实际应用中需要解决的关键性问题：电磁转矩脉动。详细分析了电磁转矩脉动产生的各种原因，特别是分析了相电流换向所产生的纹波转矩脉动。其次，本文对无刷直流电动机的工作原理进行了详尽的分析，建立了三相无刷直流电动机的数学模型。并利用MATLAB／SIMULINK软件建立了三相无刷直流电动机的控制系统仿真模型。仿真模型采样的是电机控制系统中常用的双环系统(转速一电流双闭环控制)。为了提高系统的静动态特性，转速外环采用PI调节器，电流内环采用PI调节器。转子位置通过直流无刷电机感应电势检溺，仿真结果表明了该仿真模型控制系统与理论分析完全吻合，从而证明了模型的有效性。然后，初步设计了伺服系统的原理图。以PID控制器作为整个控制电路的核心，一台40w的直流无刷电机作为被控对象，完成了伺服系统的转速控制。最后，对未来的工作给予了展望，并对全文的内容进行了总结。 关键词：无刷直流电动机；转矩脉动；PID控制器 Abstract Conventional DC motor always takes up dominant position in driving system，butits inherent mechanical commutator and brush bring on limited capability，low reliability and big noise．These shortcoming necessitate US to develope lower noise，high efficiency and big capability driving motor．With the development of the power electronicsand micro—control technique，permanent—magnet brushless DC motor possesses small volume，light weight，high efficiency，low noise，big capability and reliability，so it is hopeful to become main motor in drive system．Fuzzy controller has the advantage of robust trait and strong anti-jamming merit．First，from the point of view of motor and control，the paper expounds all kinds of cause of brushless dc motor’s ripple toque．Especially，analyzes the cause of commutation ripple torque． Second，mathematical model is presented based on the the operating principle of BLDCM，which is analyzed in detail．This paper introduces software matlab／simulink and how to use it．Simulation model of three—phase BLDCM is set up and performed．The control system is virtually a dual closed—loop system with current controller’s inner loop and speed controller as outer loop．speed controller adopts fuzzy。PI regulator and current controller adopts PI regultor．We estimate rotation position through brushless dc motor’s emf．The simulation results are discussed，which are consistent w