分子生物学(中英对照有备注)0.pptVIP

* Now, we can come back to see what is meant by “molecular biology.” It is mainly the study of the molecular mechanisms of every step in the central dogma, including transcription, RNA processing, translation, control of gene expression, DNA replication etc. 现在，我们可以回过头来看一看“分子生物学”意味着什么了。它主要是关于中心法则每一步的分 子机理，包括转录、RNA加工、翻译、基因表达调控以及DNA复制等等。 * Now, let’s see what we need to learn in this subject. Because molecular biology is largely focused on the molecular mechanisms of the central dogma, this means that we need to learn the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription and translation, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional and translational regulation, and also the molecular mechanisms of DNA recombination and mutation repair etc. 现在，让我们来看一看在这门课程中需要学习哪些内容。由于分子生物学关注的主要是中心法则的机理，这就意味着我们需要学习DNA复制、转录和转译的分子机理，转录与转译调控的分子机理，以及DNA重组与突变修复等的分子机理。 * Finally, the third question, how to learn? Because we have so many things to learn, it is very easy to get lost in these details. Before we begin the course, we need some guiding principles to give a sense of order to many of these details. 最后，第三个问题：如何学习？因为我们有这么多内容要学，而一旦深入到细节中又很容易迷失方向，因此在开始学习之前，我们需要一些指导原则来帮助梳理这些细节内容。 * They are evolution, physics and available resources. 它们是“进化”原则、“物理学”原则和“可利用资源”原则。 * The first guiding principle is evolution. We should remember that all life forms are the product of evolution. So when we study those mechanisms in the living organisms, we need to keep in mind that they did not become so complicated suddenly. They acquired their characteristics over billions of years. That is, life’s complexity is the accumulation of small advantageous changes over long periods of time. 第一条指导原则是“进化”原则。我们应该记住：所有生命形式都是进化的产物。因此，在我们学习生物中各种各样机理的时候，应该时刻提醒自己：这些机理不是一夜之间就变得如此复杂的，生物获得这些特性花费了几十亿的时间。就是说，生命的复杂性是在漫长的时间里一点一滴地积累了小的有利变化的结果。 * The second guiding principle is physics. All life forms are composed of molecules. We need to remember that Like all matter, the molecules that make life are subject to the laws