伺服直流电动机的PWM调速系统设计.doc

摘 要 直流电动机具有良好的启动性能和调速特性，过载能力大，因此在传动控制性能要求较高的场合仍被广泛应用。脉宽调制(PWM)是利用数字输出对模拟电路进行控制的一种有效技术，尤其在对电机的转速控制方面，可节省能量。PLC作为新型的自动化控制装置，用其实现直流电动机的PWM调速，具有系统控制精度高，经济可靠，电机运行稳定等特点。 本文重点研究了用S7-200 PLC实现直流电动机PWM调速的控制技术,详细介绍了24伏100瓦直流电动机PWM调速的硬件系统。系统包括电源回路、功率驱动回路、转速检测及显示回路。功率驱动采用单极性H桥式功率驱动，测速采用霍尔开关，转速显示采用四位共阴极数码管来实现。该硬件系统与相应的S7-200 PLC软件配合，实现对24伏100瓦直流电动机的PWM控制。该控制系统功能包括电机的正、反转，调速、测速及转速显示，所有系统功能都己运行通过，经过实验验证，工作状态良好。 文中对直流电动机结构、工作原理、基本方程、机械特性和调速方法以及PWM调速系统的构成、S7-200 PLC程序设计思路部分做了简单介绍。 关键词：直流电动机；PWM调速；S7-200 PLC；转速检测；扫描显示 ABSTRACT DC motor has a good characteristic of starting and regulating the speed. It has the high overloading capability. So it is widely applied in the occasion that require higher characteristic of starting and regulating. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is an effective technology that be used in digital output to control analog circuits, especially in controlling the speed of motor, which can save energy. PLC as a new type of automatic controlling devices, which be used in the DC motor, it makes the PWM regulating the speed system more accurately, economically, reliability and steadily and so on. The article introduces the control system of DC motor that is based on PWM with S7-200 PLC. A DC motor whose rated parameters are 24V, 100W and 2700rps of the hardware circuit system is detailed. The hardware of this PWM controlling system includes power supply, power drive, speed detection and display. Power drive has been realized by H-bridge/Hall switch. Speed detection has been realized by Hall switch. Four LED is used display speed. Coordinated with the corresponding software this hardware can realize the control function of a 24V, 100W and 2700rps DC motor with PWM technology of S7-200 PLC. The function of this system includes the following sections: the rotation of DC motor, speed controlling and scan display. All functions of this controlling system have been completed and the system has good work condition. In this article, it clarifies some related content,