《贝弗里奇报告——社会保险和相关服务》外文文献翻译.doc

外文文献 Social Insurance And Allied Services Report by Sir William Beverdige William Beveridge The system of workmen’s compensation, introduced in a limited form in 1897 and generalized in 1906, is the oldest of the varied schemes which have come under review by the Committee and differs in principle from the methods adopted for dealing with all other forms of interruption of earnings. It places upon each employer a 1egal liability to compensate any employee for loss of earning capacity due to accident or industrial disease arising out of and in the course of his employment, and, breaking away form the general principles of the common law, provides compensation irrespective of any direct or indirect negligence of the employer and in spite of negligence by the employee. It fixes the compensation accordingly, not on the indemnity basis applicable under the common law to cases of injury due to the fault of another, but on the principle of a division of lass between the employer and the employee, and relates the amount of the compensation, subject to a maximum, to the average earnings of the employee, The employer’s liability to pay compensation is excluded only where the injury was caused by serious and willful misconduct of the employee himself and did not result in death or serious and permanent disablement; for everything else, including accidents over which the employer had no control, even accidents caused by the willful misconduct of the employee himself if they result in death or serious and permanent disablement, compensation must be paid, The employer may insure himself against his 1iability in any way he pleases, or, except in coal mining(where compulsory insurance has been in force since 1934),he may not insure at all. This system has conferred great benefits in the past. It may be claimed for it that it has enabled employees in the great majority of cases to obtain the compensation provided for them without serious difficulty and w