图像增强技术.ppt

第四章图像增强技术 4.1 图像增强的目的、特点和方法 4.2 灰度直方图与图像的点处理 4.3 空域滤波增强 人眼的视觉特性 明暗视觉和视觉范围： § 4.3.3 图像平滑 二、平滑的算子 一、平滑的目的： 抑制或消除噪声 作为其它处理的前处理 0 1/5 0 1/5 1/5 1/5 0 1/5 0 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 邻区平均 1/10 1/10 1/10 1/10 1/5 1/10 1/10 1/10 1/10 1/16 1/8 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/8 1/16 加权平均 选择平均：参考Ann Scher, et al., Some New Image Smoothing technique, IEEE Trans. SMC Vol. SMC10, No3 三、线性平滑算子特性的分析 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 以右侧的3×3邻区平均模板为例： 求出对应的 Z 变换为： 因此： 以 带入，得付立叶变换式： 作出 H(wm,wn) 的幅频特性图形，如下图所示 四、非线性平滑滤波器 －中值滤波，百分比滤波，最大值滤波，最小值滤波 中值滤波 (参考容观澳：计算机图像处理，p132) 中值滤波是将选定的奇数像素窗口内的各像素灰度按大小排队，用中间的灰度值代替窗口中原图像中间位置的像素。因此是一种非线性滤波。 百分比滤波 与中值滤波类似，是将选定的奇数像素窗口内的各像素灰度按大小排队，用最接近某个亮度百分比的灰度值代替窗口中原图像中间位置的像素。 最大值滤波 最小值滤波 方法与上述类似，用于检测图像中最亮的点。 方法与上述类似，用于检测图像中最暗的点。 亮度和对比度感觉 频率特性 视觉残留特性 B 2％ The objectives are: First, to understand the neuromuscular and mechanical compensatory mechanisms for ACL injuries; Secondly, to quantify individual muscles?roles in theadaptation process; Third, to quantify joint dynamic properties in three orthogonal directions and to evaluate knee injury,surgery outcome, and rehabilitation progress. Fourth, to develop more effective rehabilitation procedure. The major features are to consider knee structures in 3D space, to consider muscles?function at the level of individual heads of muscles, and to strengthen muscle selectively and differentailly. ldhgf ldhgf ldhgf ldhgf ldhgf ldhgf ldhgf The objectives are: First, to understand the neuromuscular and mechanical compensatory mechanisms for ACL injuries; Secondly, to quantify individual muscles?roles in theadaptation process; Third, to quantify joint dynamic properties in three orthogonal directions and to evaluate knee injury,surgery outcome, and rehabilitation progress. Fourth, to develop more effective rehabilitation procedure. The major features are to consider knee structures in 3D space, to consider muscles?function at the level of individual heads of muscles, and to strengthen