基于有限元分析的汽车车架优化设计.doc

摘 要 车架是汽车上重要的承载部件，车辆所受到的各种载荷最终都传递给车架，因此，车架结构性能的好坏直接关系到整车设计的成败。通过有限元法对车架结构进行性能分析，在设计时考虑车架结构的优化，对提高整车的各种性能，降低设计与制造成本，增强市场竞争力等都具有十分重要的意义。大型通用有限元软件ANSYS凭借其强大的分析功能和高度可靠性，在结构静力分析和动力分析以及优化设计等方面具有无可比拟的优越性。 本文以CA1040货车车架结构为研究对象，通过对Pro／E和ANSYS软件的消化与吸收，采用实体单元，对车架结构的有限元建模、车架结构的静、动态特性分析问题进行了研究。以实体单元为基础创建了车架结构的简单的尺寸优化模型，以车架的纵梁截面尺寸为设计变量，以车架结构的总体积最小为优化目标，对车架纵梁的截面尺寸进行优化并分析了优化结果。阐述了应用ANSYS进行结构优化设计的基本指导思想及方法，推广到解决以板壳单元为基础的车架优化问题，根据实际需要调整优化的设计变量、状态变量以及目标函数。通过对CA1040型货车车架结构的有限元仿真及优化，得到了一些有益的结论，为车架的设计提供了指导作用。 关键词：车架；载荷；轻量化；有限元分析；三维建模；ANSYS ABSTRACT Frame is as an important assembly bearing loads of an automobile，which all kinds of 10ads will pass to，and as a result the performance of frame structure affects whether the automobile design is successful or not．Using finite element method to analyze automobile frame structure and to take frame structure optimization into account makes sense in improving automobile performance，reducing the cost of design and automotive manufacture and increasing capability of market competition．ANSYS software takes on unexampled advantages in static analysis，dynamic analysis and optimization design etc by right of its powerful analysis function and high reliability． Through studying Pro／E and ANSYS software the FEA model of a CA1040 truck with solid elements Was built．Based on the model the static and dynamic performance of the truck’S frame structure was studied．A topological optimization model and a simple optimization model was built based on solid elements．With the objection that the volume of the frame is minimal，the carling section dimensions was optimized and the results of optimization Was analyzed．This paper analyzes the principles and methods of optimization design，which Can be generalized to shell element model．The design variables，state Vadables and objective functions can be adjusted to meet the actual needs． Through the finite element simulation and optimization of a CA1040 truck frame structure some useful conclusions has been got for the d