文献翻译—汽车电器.docVIP

附 录 附录A:英文文献 AUTO ELECTRIC APPLIANCES 1、Starting System Automobile engines are not self-starts. In order to start them, the engine crankshaft must be turned over. To do this, the starter motor receives electrical power form the storage battery. The starter motor then converts this energy into mechanical energy, which it transmits through the drive mechanism to the engine’s fly wheel. The starter motor draws a great deal of electrical current from the battery. A large starter motor might require 300 to 400 amperes of current. This current flows through the heavy gauge cables that connect the battery to the starter. The drive controls the flow of this current using the starting switch. However, if the cables were routed from the battery to the starting switch and then on to the starter motor, the voltage drop caused b resistance in the cables would be too great. To avoid this problem, the system is designed with two connected circuits: the starter circuit and the control circuit. 1.1 The starting safety switch The starting safety switch is also called a neutral start switch. It is a normally open switch that prevents the starting system from opening when the automobile’s transmission is in gear. If the car has no starting safety switch, it is possible to spin the engine with the transmission in gear. This will make the car lurch forward or backward which could be dangerous. Safety switches or interlock devices are used with all automatic transmissions and on many late-model cars with manual transmissions. The safety switch can be an electrical switch that opens the control circuit if the car is in gear. It can also be a mechanical interlock device that will not let the ignition switch turn to start if the car is in the gear. 1.2 Magnetic Switch (Relays and Solenoids) A magnetic switch in the starting system allows the control circuit to open and close the starter circuit. The switch can be a: （１）Relay which uses the electromagnetic field of a coil to attract an arm