矩阵思想的形成与发展--本科毕业论文.docVIP

目 录 1.前言 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1) 2.早期行列式计算中孕育的矩阵思想………………………………………………………………(2) 3.矩阵思想的形成……………………………………………………………………………………… (2) 3.1矩阵的基本思想 …………………………………………………………………………………… (3) 3.2矩阵运算……………………………………………………………………………………………… (4) 4.矩阵的发展 ………………………………………………………………………………………… (7) 4.1特征值与特征向量 ………………………………………………………………………………… (9) 4.2标准形 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (10) 4.3方程组的解 ………………………………………………………………………………………… (11) 5.结论…………………………………………………………………………………………………… (12) 参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (13) 致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (14) 摘 要 矩阵形式解方程组在中国古代数学著作《九章算术》中已相当成熟，但这部著作并没有建立起独立的矩阵理论，而仅把矩阵看作一种排列形式来解决实际问题。矩阵在中国古代的萌芽，蕴含了丰富的矩阵算法与程序化等思想。矩阵概念产生并发展于19世纪的欧洲，欧洲的社会环境与文化背景为矩阵的早期发展提供了适宜的舞台，一大批矩阵理论的奠基者做了大量的工作，使矩阵从零散的知识发展为系统完善的理论体系，为矩阵理论的形成与发展做出了重要的贡献。从18世纪末到19世纪中叶，这种排列形式在求解线性方程组和行列形式来解决实际问题，本文通过对矩阵理论发展过程中的众多数学家工作的考察，揭示了矩阵思想从萌芽、早期发展到成熟以及进一步完善的全过程。 关键词：矩阵；矩阵发展；凯莱；矩阵思想 Abstract The matrix form solution of equations in Chinese ancient mathematics arithmetic in nine sections has been quite mature, but it hasnt established the independent matrix theory, and only the matrix as an arrangement to solve practical problems. Matrix in ancient China budding, contains rich matrix algorithm and programming ideas. Matrix concept originated from the nineteenth Century in Europe, the European social environment and cultural background for the matrix of early development to provide a suitable stage, a large number of matrix theory of the founders did much work, so that the matrix from a fragmented knowledge development for the system of perfect theory, matrix theorys formation and the development has made important contribution. From the late eighteenth Century to the middle of the nineteenth Century, this kind of arrangement form in solving linear equations and the ranks of the form to the solution of practical problems, based on the matrix theory in the process of development of many mathematicians work study, reveals the idea of matrix fr