步进电机指数规律升降速的单片机控制系统设计（含全套CAD图纸）.doc

买文档后送图纸，QQ 194535455 摘 要 从步进电机的矩-频特性可知，启动频率越高，启动转矩越小，带动负载的能力越差。当启动频率较高时，启动时会造成失步，而停止时由于惯性作用又会发生过冲，所以在步进电机控制中必须要采取升降速控制措施。本文根据步进电机的动力学方程和矩-频特性曲线建立系统的数学模型，采用指数规律的升降速算法，以单片机为核心对步进电机进行并行控制。系统的软件设计由C51 语言编程来实现。并设计了检测系统用于对步进电机转速和步数的检测。最后，本系统可以实现以下功能：在显示器的提示下，由键盘输入运行的步数和稳定运行的速度；由各个功能键控制系统的运行，按启动键后，步进电机按照输入的步数进行走步；如在运行期间按停止键，则步进电机停止运行。研究表明，采用指数规律的升降速曲线将大大地提高微机控制步进电机的最高工作频率，大大缩短所需的升降速时间。 关键词：步进电机,单片机,速度控制,C51 语言 ABSTRACT According to torque vs. speed characteristic of stepping motor, the higher startup speed is, the smaller startup torque is and then the worse the capability of driving load is. When the startup speed is higher, stepping motor will lose steps. While stopping, it will also lose steps because of inertia. So, it needs to take speed control measures on control of stepping motor. Mathematic model of the system is educed by dynamics equation and torque vs. speed characteristic of stepping motor. It adopts speed control arithmetic of exponential rule and deals with process of acceleration and deceleration via discrete method. Single-chip microcomputer that is the core of system controls stepping motor. The system is programmed by C51 language. The test system is designed to test the rotate speed and steps of stepping motor. Finally, according to the direction of LED display, running steps and speed are input by keyboard. The system’s run is controlled by functional keys. Stepping motor will run to the given steps if the “start” key is pressed. Meanwhile, stepping motor will stop if the “stop” key is pressed during its running. The research shows: the method of acceleration and deceleration via exponential rule will greatly improve the highest running frequency of stepping motor and shorten the acceleration and deceleration time. Keywords: stepping motor; single-chip microcomputer; speed control; C51 language 目 录 中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 第一章 绪 论 1 第二章 系统工作原理和总体方案拟定 3 2.1控制方案论证与比较 3 2.1.1步进电机控制系统的构成 3 2.1.2步进电机的串行和并行控制 3 2.2步进电机工作原理和动态特性分析 4 2.2.1反应式步进电机原理 4 2.2.2 步