论普希金早期酒神题材诗歌.doc

湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 论普希金早期的酒神题材诗歌 姓名：汤林峄 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：比较文学与世界文学 指导教师：张铁夫 摘  要  普希金是俄罗斯诗歌的太阳,俄国本土和俄国本土以外对他的研究,应该说已 经是相当深入了,而且还在向多方面发展,但对普希金与酒神精神却很少涉及,这 可以说是研究中的一个薄弱环节。 本文以酒神精神为立足点，对普希金前期作品进行分析，挖掘其中所蕴涵的 深刻的狄俄尼索斯式热情。从享乐主义与自省精神两个方面来探讨普希金的酒神 精神。享乐主义是酒神精神中一个古老的命题,包含快乐主义和狂欢精神。表现在 三个方面：普希金早期诗歌流露出其性格中喜好饮酒作乐的特点，以及诗人对情 感的热烈歌颂和对戏剧的痴迷。 享乐主义在普希金身上生根发芽，原因在于诗人的贵族出生和俄罗斯民族对 酒精的天然亲近。如果享乐主义是酒神精神的浓缩,那么自省精神则是酒神精神的 提炼。自省精神一方面是诗歌本身的二元特性所具备的，另一方面来自狄俄尼索 斯和普希金本人的理智。它表现为普希金对人生有一种清醒的认识：人生是短暂 的,所以我们更需要好好的把握。 虽然在普希金的早期作品中这种思想还没有完全成型，更多的是彷徨失措， 但是许多与酒神相关的诗篇中已具备了这种自我反省的倾向。普希金的这种倾向 是因为个体悲剧意识的觉醒，诗人明白了酒神精神的真谛：人生就是一场悲剧， 我们也要有声有色的演下去，不要失去了悲剧的壮丽和快慰。按照尼采的理论， 酒神精神对诗歌和诗人的影响是直接的，也是致命的。显然，这种精神主动或被 动、显形或隐性的干预着普希金的创作。 关键词：普希金；狄俄尼索斯；酒神精神；享乐主义；自省精神 I ABSTRACT Pushkin is like the Sun in the history of Russian Poem try, whose poems are studied rather deeply and now more and more extensively by the Russian scholars, as well as those who are not. However, there is the little reference to the relation between Pushkin and spirit of the God of wine which has become a weak point in the study of Pushkin. If taking the spirit of the God of wine as the stand, we can analyze and the find out the profound enthusiasm of Dionysus embodied in Pushkin’s works written in his earlier writhing career, Pushkin’s the spirit of the God of wine can be researched from Hedonism and introspective spirit. Hedonism is originated from an ancient proposition in the spirit of the God of nine, including happily and rerelling spirit. It is embodied in the following three aspects: Pushkin’s character of loving drinking and enjoying expressed in his earlier poems, the warm praise to emotion and the passion to opera. Hedonism was rooted in the mind of Pushkin. For the poet is a nobleman, the Russian nationality is naturally close to the alcohol. If hedonism is the concentration of the spirit of the God of Wine the extraction of it is introspective spirit, which derided from the duality of Pushkin himself, as well as the reason of Dionysus and P