基础医学概论-消化与吸收的基本过程-消化系统生理学.PPTVIP

消化系统生理学 概 述 消化（digestion） 是食物在消化道内被分解为小分子物质的过程 吸收（absorption） 消化后的小分子物质以及水、无机盐和维生素，透过消化道粘膜，进入血液和淋巴循环的过程 消化与吸收的基本过程 消化道内食物的推进与混合 消化道的分泌 消化道内的消化与吸收 消化系统的功能 运动 分泌 消化 吸收 排泄 解剖学 Components of the digestive system 消化管的结构 消化道平滑肌的一般特性 兴奋性低Low excitability 扩展性好High distensibility 紧张性收缩Tonic contraction 自律性Autorhythmicity 对机械牵张、温度变化和化学刺激敏感High sensitivity to temperature, stretch and chemical stimulation 消化道平滑肌的电生理特性 静息电位 -40~-80 mV 离子机制 Em (selective membrane permeability to K+, Na+, Cl- and Ca2+) Electrogenic Na+-K+ pump 慢波 (基本电节律basic electrical rhythm) 在静息电位基础上产生自发性去极化和复极化的节律性电位波动，其频率较慢 起源于Cajal细胞 interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) (pacemaker cell) Santiago Ramon Y Cajal He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in 1906 for introduction of the silver-chromate stain Calcium imaging in ICC-MY from the guinea-pig antrum. A colocalization procedure was used to identify the Rhod-2 signal from ACK2-Alexa 488 labelled ICC-MY. Panel A shows a stack of 30 sequential optical sections made in the Z optical axis of the ACK2-Alexa 488 signal and the Rhod-2 signal; panels B and C show each signal independently. Panel D shows the stack after the colocalization algorithm was used on each confocal slice, showing that most ICC-MY were well labelled with Rhod-2. It was evident from this experiment that some, but not all, ICC-MY were well-labelled with Rhod-2 (see text for more details). The scale bar in panel D is 40 um and it applies to all images Intracellularly recorded electrical activity from a guinea-pig antral ICC-MY identified with ACK2-Alexa 488. Panel A shows a network of ICC-MY labelled with ACK2-Alexa 488 visualized using fluorescence microscopy, and a single ICC-MY impaled with a LY-filled microelectrode. Panel B shows changes in membrane potential recorded intracellularly from an ICC-MY. One slow wave, marked with the horizontal line in Panel B, is shown in Panel C at an expanded time scale. The scale bar is 15 um. Cyclic changes in intracellular calcium in ICC-