压电陶瓷反平面裂纹问题中的电场梯度效应.pdfVIP

摘 要 压电材料由于其特有的力电耦合特性 被广泛应用于高科技的力电器件 诸如 换能器 传感器 超声波发生器和制动器等各方面 然而 压电材料固有的脆性特 性以及诸如空洞 裂纹或位错等缺陷的存在 往往导致材料在力场和电场的单独或 耦合作用下 过早地失效或破坏 因此 对压电断裂力学的研究是十分重要的 由 于工程实际应用中的压电材料以横观各向同性压电陶瓷最为普遍 所以 近年来 关于压电陶瓷的反平面断裂问题的研究相当活跃 本文采用考虑了电场梯度效应的电弹性理论即电场梯度理论来分析压电陶瓷的 反平面裂纹问题 首先 介绍了电场梯度理论的推导 包括本构方程和边界条件 然后 将电场梯度理论应用于反平面裂纹问题 利用Fourier 变换技术将力电复合边 值问题转化为三组对偶积分方程 并讨论了所需要新增的边界条件 采用了Copson 方法 将其中一组对偶积分方程转化为第二类Fredholm 积分方程来进行数值求解 得到了裂纹尖端的强度因子 总能量释放率和机械应变能释放率 并与经典理论中 的结果进行了比较 最后 以压电陶瓷PZT-5H 为例 讨论了电场梯度效应对压电 断裂力学的具体影响 关键词 压电陶瓷 反平面裂纹 电场梯度 Fourier 变换 强度因子 总能量释放率 机械应变能释放率 I Abstract Due to their intrinsic electro-mechanical coupling behaviors, piezoelectric materials are used widely in high technological devices, such as transducers, sensors, ultrasonic generators and actuators. However, when subjected to electric and mechanical loads, these piezoelectric materials can fail prematurely due to their brittleness and the presence of defects or flaws such as cavities, cracks and dislocations. Therefore, it is important to investigate the electro-elastic interaction and fracture behavior of piezoelectric materials. Because the transversely isotropic piezoelectric ceramics are the most prevalent in the actual application areas of industry engineering, the research on the anti-plane fracture behavior of piezoelectric ceramics has been very active in recent years. In this dissertation, an anti-plane crack problem in piezoelectric ceramics is analyzed with the theory for electroelastic solids including electric field gradient effects, i.e., the electric field gradient theory. First, the derivation of the electric field gradient theory is introduced, including the const