鼻炎课件分析课件.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Shi-Ming ChenRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Inflammations of the Nasal Cavity 1、Acute Rhinitis(急性鼻炎) Epidemiology: Acute rhinitis (common cold) is the most prevalent infectious disease. Given its frequency and the fact that the disease does not confer postinfection immunity, acute rhinitis has assumed major epidemiologic and economic significance（医药行业花费最多的常见疾病） Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses comprise almost half of the causative organisms of acute viral rhinitis. Other pathogens are influenza viruses and adenoviruses. The infection is transmitted by the airborne route (droplet infection). Cold exposure and other environmental factors can increase the susceptibility of the host to infection. The incubation period is 3–7 days. Etiopathogenesis（发病机理）: Symptoms: The disease begins with an initial dry stage characterized by malaise (lethargy, headache, fever) and local discomfort in the nose and nasopharynx (burning, soreness). This is followed by a catarrhal stage marked by a watery, initially serous nasal discharge and nasal obstruction due to mucosal swelling, which mainly involves the turbinates. The viruses damage the mucociliary transport system, which hampers the normal clearing of secretions（病毒破坏了纤毛运动功能） 急性鼻窦炎 急性中耳炎 鼻咽炎、喉咽、气管、支气管炎、肺炎 泪囊炎、结膜炎 Complication Treatment consists of supportive measures to relieve nasal obstruction and prevent sinusitis and other complication by the use of decongestant nose drops. Nose drops should be used no longer than absolutely necessary (generally no more than one week) due to the risk of tachyphylaxis (see also rhinitis medicamentosa) with severe rebound swelling of the nasal mucosa. Treatment Various other options are available for relieving the discomfort of acute rhinitis, including “light baths,” and infrared therapy. Antibiotics may also be prescribed in patients with bacterial superinfection or paranasal sinus involvement. Treatment 2、Chronic Rhinitis 慢性鼻炎 Etiopa