海上风电机组发展趋势分析.pdfVIP

海上风电机组发展趋势分析 沈德昌 （中国农业机械工业协会风能设备分会 北京 100825） 摘要：从1991 年第一个海上风电场建成到现在，已经过去21 年了，海上风电一直在缓慢发展。 今天，海上风电成为世界关注的热点，但人们预期的海上风电起飞一直没有发生，到2011 年底，累 计装机容量也就 400 万千瓦。海上风电机组是建设海上风电场最主要的设备，海上风电机组的单机 容量从21 年前的450 千瓦增长到当前的6 兆瓦，仍然在向大型化发展。海上风电机组的技术类型也 从单一的双馈式风电机组发展到双馈式风电机组、半直驱永磁风电机组和直驱式永磁风电机组并存 的阶段。主流机型从五年前的2-3 兆瓦发展到今天的3-6 兆瓦。当前正在向7 兆瓦，甚至10 兆瓦发 展。本文追述了海上风电机组的发展历程，分析了世界各主要风电机组生产厂家正在研制的海上风 电机组的技术路线，提出了海上风电机组今后发展的主要趋势。 关键词：海上风电场 海上风电机组 主流机型 大型化发展 多种技术路线 Abstract: From the first offshore wind farm was built in1991 to now, 21 years has past , offshore wind farms have been developed slowly. Today, offshore wind power has become the focus in the world, but offshore wind power take-off expected by people has not happened, by the end of 2011, the total installed capacity of offshore wind farms is 4000MW. Offshore WTGS is the main equipments for the construction of offshore wind farms, the single unit capacity has increased from 450 kw 21 years ago to the current 6 MW , still develop towards large-scale direction. The technical types of Offshore WTGS also developed from a single type of doubly-fed WTGS stage to doubly-fed type WTGS, direct drive + permanent magnet WTGS and Hybrid drive+ permanent magnet WTGS coexisting stage. The unit capacity of mainstream models developed from 2-3 MW five years ago to todays 3-6 MW. It is developing currently towards to 7 MW, or even to 10 MW . This paper traces the development course of offshore WTGS, analyzes the technical routes of offshore WTGS which are developing by the major world WTGS manufacturers , and put forward the the main development trend of offshore WTGS in future. 1 海上风电机组的发展历程 在90 年代，Bonus 的450kW 和Vestas 的500kW、550kW、600kW 风电机组曾经在早期的近海风 电场应用，2000 年以后就没有安装过2MW 以下的海上风电机组。 2001 年以后，Vest