可屏蔽电缆断点测距系统的设计.docxVIP

目录摘要IAbstractII1 绪论11.1 研究课题现状11.2 设计内容的意义22 电缆故障测距的现有方法32.1行波故障测距法32.2阻抗故障测距法32.3外加信号测距法43 方案论证53.1 电容比对法和电磁感应法53.2 基于单片机建立测距系统法53.3 基于FPGA建立测距系统法64 总体设计方案介绍74.1 基本设计内容74.2 总体设计方案思路75 电缆传输特性95.1 电缆信号传输速率95.2 信号在电缆中的衰减因素95.2.1 电阻损耗95.2.2 介质损耗105.2.3 失配损耗105.3 信号在电缆中的反射现象106 电缆故障分析116.1 电缆短路情况116.2 电缆开路情况117 单元电路原理分析137.1 低压窄脉冲产生单元137.1.1 信号源流程图137.2 低压窄脉冲发射单元147.2.1 光电耦合电路157.2.2 高频射极跟随器电路167.3 反射信号接收处理单元167.4 系统测距控制单元177.4.1 EDA-IV型实验箱结构组成177.4.2 QuartusII中生成的分立器件符号187.4.3 程序设计流程图19结论21参考文献22致谢23附录I 程序24附录II 仿真图28摘要随着通信技术的发展，通信电缆的应用越来越广泛，随之电缆故障的现象也越来越普遍，为准备确定故障点的位置，本设计专门介绍一种利用低压脉冲反射法以及基于FPGA技术建立电缆断点检测的测距系统。通过该系统可控制产生高频低压窄脉冲信号，经外部发射电路将脉冲信号实现光电隔离以提高其抗干扰能力，外接射频跟随器以提高其抗负载能力，然后结合设备载波送入电缆。当脉冲波在电缆中传播遇到高阻的断点时就会发生反射，反射波又经脉冲接收电路进行整形、幅度调整并转换为理想的数字信号，而被送到测距系统中作为计时的控制信号。该系统可在线获取从发射脉冲波开始到接收反射脉冲为止的时间间隔，代入公式L = V ×T/ 2可计算出电缆断点故障点的准确位置。该测距系统结构简单、操作简便、测距精度高、应用效果良好。关键词：电缆断点；测距系统；FPGA；高频窄脉冲AbstractWith the development of communication technology, communication cable has been widely applied, resulting cable failure is increasingly common phenomenon, in preparation for determining the location of the point of failure, this design introduces a special low-pressure pulse reflection method and the use of FPGA-based Cable break detection technology to establish distance measuring system. The system can be controlled by low voltage high frequency pulse signal generated by an external pulse signal transmission circuit to achieve optical isolation to enhance its anti-jamming capability, external RF followers to increase their resistance to load capacity, combined with equipment and then into the cable carrier. When the pulse wave propagation in the cable impedance encountered the breakpoint will occur when the reflection, the reflected wave has been received pulse shaping circuit, adjustments and converted into an ideal digital signal, which was sent as a time-measuring system the control signal. The system can be available online starting from the launch pulse to the receiver until the reflec