青岛市蔬菜生产基地农药残留源头污染及降解动态研究.pdfVIP

青岛市蔬菜生产基地农药残留源头污染 及降解动态研究 摘 要 本文通过对即墨市、莱西市和平度市 8 个乡镇的大棚和露地的蔬 菜生产基地的 111 个土样进行取样分析，对六六六、滴滴涕在土壤中 的残留情况进行调查。结合土壤取样，同时去土壤采样点上所生产的 蔬菜样品共 36 个，检测项目有氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、联 苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、三氯杀螨醇、敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱、 乙酰甲胺磷、三唑酮、六六六、滴滴涕、百菌清 15 项。通过对青岛 市主要蔬菜生产基地土壤和农产品中的农药残留现状研究，取得了农 民使用农药的基本情况，为治理农药残留工作提供参考。结果表明， 111 个土壤中六六六、滴滴涕的残留量全都符合 GB15618-1995 《土壤环 境质量标准》，36 个蔬菜产品中的 15 项农药残留量也都符合 GB 2763-2005 《食品中农药的最大残留限量》。 研究了番茄在大棚栽培条件下，喷施联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊 菊酯、百菌清、乐果和马拉硫磷这六种农药在番茄中的残留降解动态 和最终残留量。试验结果表明，一定的时间后不同农药在番茄中的残 留量差异较大，其中有机氯、拟除虫菊酯农药在番茄中的残留量较少， 四种农药在推荐和加倍用量下不到 5d，都达到了国家限量标准。在加 倍用量下百菌清降解半衰期 7.70d ，半衰期最长。乐果在推荐用量和 加倍用量下的半衰期分别为 5.22d 和 5.89d ；马拉硫磷半衰期为分别 3.79d 和 4.54d 。因此要科学安全地使用农药，充分考虑农药的半衰期， 确保无公害番茄的安全生产。 关键词：农药残留；农药；降解；番茄； 4 Research on the source of pesticide pollution in Qingdao vegetable production bases and degradation dynamics Abstract One hundred and eleven soil samples were collected from different sites of vegetable production bases in Qingdao and the residues of BHC and DDT were studied in Soil. Combined with soil sampling, 36 vegetable samples from where the soil collected, 15 kinds of pesticide residues were analyzed using GC. Based on the pesticide residue of soil and agricultural products from Qingdao main vegetable production base, we know the basic status of the application of pesticides by means of investigation. It indicated that residual contents of BHC and DDT in soil are general lower than State Standard (GB15618-1995). 57 pesticide residues in test vegetable products are far below the state standards of maximum residue limits for pesticides in food (GB 2763-2005). The degradation dynamics of pesticides residue and final residue in tomato were investigated by plastic greenhouse cultivation, such as those of bifenthrin, cype