2014年建筑学概论.docVIP

建筑学概论F0801501/2第二讲建筑学教育与 专业课程介绍0.《建筑十书》《建筑十书》的10条第一章是建筑师的修养 与教育,要擅长绘图,通晓几何,数学,音 乐,历史,法律,卫生甚至天文学;0.《建筑十书》1.Architecture is a science arising out of many other sciences, and adorned with much and varied learning; by the help of which a judgment is formed of those works which are the result of other arts. Practice and theory are its parents. …… 3.……He (Architect) should be a good writer, a skilful draftsman, versed in geometry and optics, expert at figures, acquainted with history, informed on the principles of natural and moral philosophy, somewhat of a musician, not ignorant of the sciences both of law and physic, nor of the motions, laws, and relations to each other, of the heavenly bodies.0.《建筑十书》4…… Drawing is employed in representing the forms of his designs. Geometry affords much aid to the architect: to it he owes the use of the right line and circle, the level and the square; whereby his delineations of buildings on plane surfaces are greatly facilitated. The science of optics enables him to introduce with judgment the requisite quantity of light, according to the aspect. Arithmetic estimates the cost, and aids in the measurement of the works; this, assisted by the laws of geometry, determines those abstruse questions, wherein the different proportions of some parts to others are involved.0.《建筑十书》5. Unless acquainted with history, he will be unable to account for the use of many ornaments which he may have occasion to introduce.…… 7. Moral philosophy will teach the architect to be above meanness in his dealings, and to avoid arrogance: it will make him just, compliant and faithful to his employer; …… 8. Music assists him in the use of harmonic and mathematical proportion. ……1.外国建筑教育的历史公元280年,罗马第一所工程技术学校; 文艺复兴,阿尔伯蒂《论建筑》 Beaux-Arts(布杂)——学院派 Bauhaus(包豪斯)——现代建筑文艺复兴:佛罗伦萨大教堂坦比哀多小教堂[伯拉孟特]1.1 Beaux-Arts(布杂)的特点将建筑教育放在美术(fine arts)教育体制内; 师徒传承的延续——工作室制度 (Studio/Atelier); 同时注重理论课程和设计课程; 是第一次把实践训练课程化的教育制度 ; 成为许多十九世纪设立的重要大学(学院)的 建筑系的范本;Beaux-Art