Oligodendrocytesbiologyandpathology教程.pdfVIP

Acta Neuropathol (2010) 119:37–53 DOI 10.1007/s00401-009-0601-5 REVIEW Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology Monika Bradl • Hans Lassmann Received: 4 September 2009 / Revised: 9 October 2009 / Accepted: 10 October 2009 / Published online: 22 October 2009 The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at S Abstract Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of allows it to dissect the function of individual proteins in the the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end proper spatial and temporal context of development and product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex disease. Studies in rodents led to the identification of and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, important principles of oligodendrocyte development and differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the myelin formation. insulating sheath of axons. Due to this complex differen- tiation program, and due to their unique metabolism/ physiology, oligodendrocytes count among the most vul- The development of oligodendrocytes nerable cells of the CNS. In this review, we first describe and myelin—a rodent’s perspective the different steps eventually culminating in the formation of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths, as they Spinal cord and brain contain different subclasses were revealed by studies in rodents. We will then show of oligodendrocytes which derive from multiple sources differences and similarities of human oligodendrocyte development. Finally, we will lay out the different path- In the spinal cord, most oligodendrocytes derive from a ways leading to oligodendrocyte and myelin loss in human specialized domain of the ventral ventricular zone, which CNS diseases, and we will reveal the differe