Induced pluripotent stem cells pastpresentand future文献.pdfVIP

Cell Stem Cell Perspective Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Past, Present, and Future Shinya Yamanaka1,2,* 1Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan 2Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA *Correspondence: yamanaka@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp DOI 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.005 The development of iPSCs reflected the merging of three major scientific streams and has in turn led to addi- tional new branches of investigation. However, there is still debate about whether iPSCs are functionally equivalent to ESCs. This question should be answered only by science, not by politics or business. Introduction 1981 (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981), Austin Smith In 2006, we showed that stem cells with properties similar to and others have established culture conditions that enable the ESCs could be generated from mouse fibroblasts by simulta- long-term maintenance of pluripotency (Smith et al., 1988). A neously introducing four genes (Takahashi and Yamanaka, key factor for maintenance of mouse ESCs was leukemia inhib- 2006). We designated these cells iPSCs. In 2007, we reported itory factor (LIF). Likewise, since the first generation of human that a similar approach was applicable for human fibroblasts ESCs (Thomson et al., 1998), optimal culture conditions with and that by introducing a handful of factors, human iPSCs can basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been established. be generated (Takahashi et al., 2007). On the same day, James Combining the first two streams of research led us to hypoth- Thomson’s group also reported the generation of human iPSC esize that it is a combinatio