Words, meaning and vocabulary5教程.pptVIP

Words, meaning and vocabulary: An introduction to modern English lexicology 5 Meaning relations 5. Meaning relations This chapter covers: words that have the ‘same’ meaning – synonymy words that have ‘opposite’ meanings – antonymy hierarchies of meaning – hyponymy and meronymy analysing meanings into components grouping words by similarity of meaning – semantic fields meaning and word combination – collocation 5.1 What are ‘meaning relations’? 5.2 Synonymy 5.3 Antonymy 5.4 Hyponymy and meronymy 5.5 Analysing meaning 5.6 Collocation 5.1 What are ‘meaning relations’? 5.1.1 Sense relations 5.1.2 Collocation 5.1.3 Semantic field 5.1.1 Sense relations Sense is an internal meaning relation. Sense relations hold between words within the vocabulary. The two most obvious sense relations are those of ‘sameness’ and ‘oppositeness, called synonymy and antonymy. Other senses relation relate words hierarchically: hyponymy and meronymy 5.1 What are ‘meaning relations’? Sense relations Collocation Semantic field 5.1.1 Sense relations Sense is an internal meaning relation. Sense relations hold between words within the vocabulary. A. The two most obvious sense relations are those of ‘sameness’ and ‘oppositeness, called synonymy and antonymy. B. Other senses relation relate words hierarchically: hyponymy and meronymy 5.1.2 Collocation The mutual expectancy of words, or the ability of a word to predict the likelihood of another word occurring. 5.1.3 Semantic field A semantic field contains words that belong to a defined area of meaning (e.g. education). The field then becomes the context within which to establish meaning relations. The vocabulary is said to be organized into a number of partially overlapping semantic fields. 5.2 Synonymy The term ‘synonymy’ comes from a Greek word (sunonumon) meaning ‘having the same meaning’. The Concise Oxford Thesaurus, Collins Thesaurus e.g. From The Longman Dictionary of the English Language (LDEL) (1991)