罗素意义理论与研究.pdfVIP

摘  要  摘 要 二十世纪，哲学发生了转向，人们开始对语言进行分析，这一哲学可以称为语言哲 学。在语言问题中，讨论最多的是语言的意义问题，意义理论在整个语言哲学中处于核 心地位。  罗素是语言哲学的重要代表人物，也对语言的意义进行了深入系统地分析。他一生 著述很多，思想也在不断地发生变化，主要经历了四个时期。第一时期为客观唯心主义 时期，他相信柏拉图主义的理念世界，提出了著名的指称理论并证明了该理论的合理性， 他还对指称词组进行了简要的论述，充分体现了本体论和认识论特征。到了新实在论时 期，罗素系统论述了摹状词理论，对专名和摹状词进行了区分，运用逻辑分析方法，使 语言的分析更加趋于形式化。他还提出了著名的亲知原则，使摹状词有了知识论基础。 也正是由于他对亲知原则的进一步贯彻，才发展出了逻辑原子主义哲学，认为世界是由 亲知到的逻辑原子组成的，只有“这”和“那”才是真正的专名，摹状词也是不自足的。 到了中立一元论时期，罗素开始转向对日常语言的研究，并试图用自己对逻辑的分析来 分析日常问题，取消了专名的存在及物质和精神的界限。  罗素总是在吸取别人的观点以及对其进行批判，但又不可避免地受到其他学者的影 响。他采用的分析哲学的方法以及摹状词理论对后世也产生了深远的影响。    关键词  意义  指称  专名  摹状词  亲知    I Abstract Abstract During the 20th century, the change occurred in philosophy. People started to analyze the language which is called philosophy of language. In the questions of philosophy of language, what was most discussed is the question of meaning of language. Theory of meaning is at the core position in the philosophy of language. Russell is an important representative character of philosophy of language, and also analyzes the meaning of language. There were many writings in Russell’s life, and the thoughts unceasingly were also changing. It mainly had four periods. The first was the Objective Idealism period. He believed platonic idea world, proposed famous theory of denotation and proved his theory rationality. He had carried on the brief elaboration to denoting phrase. It manifested the ontological and epistemological characteristics fully. In Neo-Realism period, Russell elaborated theory of description systematically, carried on the