传统财务分析与EVA分析比较研究（上）.docVIP

传统财务分析与EVA分析比较研究（上） 【摘要】经济附加值（EVA，Economic Value Added）考察的是上市公司当前创造的真正价值，往往上市公司按公认会计准则编制的会计报表各项财务指标（包括净利润、主营业务收入、净资产收益率、每股收益、每股净资产、市盈率等）优良；但因为传统会计方法忽略股权资本成本，即未考虑投资人因投资该企业所付出的机会成本代价，所以单纯的传统财务报表分析未能衡量企业内在的真正价值。长期以来，以净资产收益率、每股收益、市盈率为代表的财务指标一直作为上市公司业绩衡量的标准被广泛使用，众多的咨询机构和投资者以其作为评估上市公司股票的基石。但上市公司最终的目标是为实现股东价值最大化（Shareholder Value Maximization），因此势必对用来衡量公司业绩指标的准确性提出了更高的要求。经济附加值EVA价值评估法恰恰在一定程度上满足这一要求，帮助股东、投资者等各方进行理性的分析投资决策。 本文以信息技术行业上市公司为研究对象，原因是经济附加值EVA考虑的资本成本与企业风险直接相关，信息技术行业企业恰恰在目前的中国市场处于成长阶段，增加了上市公司进行一系列投资的不确定性和高风险性。在传统财务分析的基础上进行经济附加值EVA分析尤其适用于此行业。不否认传统财务分析评价企业价值的作用，事实上，对传统会计报表进行适当调整，利用经济附加值EVA分析方法为企业进行更加全面考量，揭示企业内在的真正价值。 关键词：经济附加值（EVA），资本成本，财务指标 Abstract Economic Value Added (EVA) scales the real current value of listing company. In most cases, the financial indexes (including: net profit, revenue, the ration of net capital profit, the profit per share, net assets per share, price/earnings ratio, etc) turn out to be sound from financial statements on the basis of traditional accounting methods. However, traditional accounting methods ignore share capital costs, that is, the opportunity costs which are paid for investments aren’t taken into account. Therefore, the naked traditional financial analysis fails to measure the real internal value of an enterprise. All along, many consultant companies and investors carried out the ration of net capital profit, the profit per share, price/earnings ratio (P/E) as the standard to estimate the portfolio of listing companies and as the foundation to analyzing the stock value of listing companies. Yet, listing companies’ ultimate objective is to achieve the shareholder value maximization, which places a higher requirement on the index’s accuracy to estimate a corporation’s operating performances. EVA is the very method up to the requirement to help shareholders or investors make rational analyses and investing decisions. This paper is engaged in studying around listing companies of information-technology (info-tech) industry. The